UV Sterilization Of Container, Room, Space Or Defined Environment

ABSTRACT

Provided herein are portable ultraviolet (UV) devices, systems, and methods of use and manufacturing same. Methods of use include methods for UV disinfection and sterilization, more specifically, methods for UV disinfection and sterilization of a container, a room, a space or a defined environment. The portable UV devices, systems and methods are particularly useful for the UV disinfection and sterilization of a container, a room, a space or defined environment used in the food, beverage and dairy industry and in the process of fermentation for an alcoholic beverage. Provided are also portable UV devices, systems, and methods for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present in a container, a room, a space or a defined environment, preferably for inhibiting the growth of one or more species of microorganisms present on an interior surface of a container, a room, a space or a defined environment.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation application of U.S.application Ser. No. 14/813,057, filed Jul. 29, 2015, which is acontinuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No.14/302,375, filed Jun. 11, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,687,575, which is acontinuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No.14/091,311, filed Nov. 26, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,682,161, which is acontinuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No.13/650,028, filed Oct. 11, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,387,268, which is acontinuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No.13/314,007, filed Dec. 7, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,707,306, which is acontinuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No.13/308,383, filed Nov. 30, 2011, now abandoned, which is acontinuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No.13/151,196, filed Jun. 1, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,044,521, whichclaims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No.61/350,414, entitled “UV Sterilization Of Containers,” filed Jun. 1,2010, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety by reference for all purposes. U.S. application Ser. No.13/314,007, filed Dec. 7, 2011, also claims benefit of PCT patentapplication Ser. No. PCT/US2011/63827, filed Dec. 7, 2011, which is (i)a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No.13/151,196, filed Jun. 1, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,044,521 and (ii) acontinuation-in-part application of PCT/US 11/38826, filed Jun. 1, 2011,each (i) and (ii) claiming the benefit of U.S. provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 61/350,414, entitled “UV Sterilization OfContainers,” filed Jun. 1, 2010, the disclosures of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety by reference for allpurposes.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to compositions, systems andmethods for ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, and more specifically, tocompositions, systems and methods for UV disinfection of a container,and more particularly to compositions, systems and methods for UVdisinfection of a container used in the food and dairy industry or inthe process of fermentation for an alcoholic beverage. Morespecifically, the present invention relates to portable UV devices anduses thereof in methods of sterilization and sanitization of interiorsurfaces of containers. The present invention also relates tocompositions, systems and methods for UV disinfection of a room, a spaceor a defined environment. The present invention also relates to methodsof manufacturing portable UV devices.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It has been well established that ultraviolet (UV) light has germicidalproperties. Specifically, the mechanism by which UV light killsmicroorganisms is by damaging the genetic material, the deoxyribonucleicacid (DNA), of the microorganisms. Wavelengths between 200-300 nm havebeen shown to initiate a photoreaction between adjacent pyrimidines.Pyrimidine bases, such as cytosine and thymine, have conjugated doublebonds and as such absorb UV light. The photoreaction between adjacentthymine or cytosine bases proceeds at an exceedingly rapid rate (on theorder of picoseconds). There are two possible products. The most commonis the formation of a cyclobutane ring between the two pyrimidines (Fuet al., 1997, Applied and Environ Microbiol 63(4):1551-1556). The otherphotoproduct is a (6-4) pyrimidone. The formation of these dimers leadsto “kinks” within the structure of the DNA inhibiting the formation ofproper transcriptional and replicational templates. Cytosine cyclobutanephotodimers are susceptible to deamination and can therefore inducepoint mutations, specifically the CC (two adjacent cytosines) areconverted into TT (two adjacent thymines) via the SOS Response system inboth eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms (Fu et al., 2008, FEMSMicrobiol Rev 32(6):908-26; Eller and Gilchrest; 2000, Pigment Cell Res13 Suppl 8:94-7). The inactivation of specific genes via point mutationsis one of the mechanisms of how UV-induced genetic damage can lead tocell death or to the inhibition of cell replication. The inability toform proper replicational and transcriptional templates coupled with theincreased number of point mutations leads to the deactivation andinability to reproduce of microorganisms.

DNA, specifically has a maximum absorbency of UV light at 253.7 nm. Ithas been determined that approximately 26,400 microwatt-seconds/cm² areneeded to deactivate 100% of the most resistant bacteria (Osburne etal., 2010, Environ Microbiol; doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02203.x).

UV light is separated into 3 distinct categories: UV-A (315-400 nm),UV-B (280-315 nm), and UV-C (200-280 nm). Since DNA optimally absorbs UVlight at 253.7 nm, it is UV-C lamps that are used in most prior artgermicidal devices. UV devices are used, e.g., to inactivatemicroorganisms in laboratory settings.

UV radiation is used for disinfection in hospitals, nurseries, operatingrooms, cafeterias and to sterilize vaccines, serums, toxins, municipalwaste, and drinking waters.

Current steel vessel and container sanitation protocols involve the useof a pressure wash using a hot water cycle to remove pigments, colloidaldeposits, and tartrates following wine fermentations. After the hotwater cycle, typically the vessels are washed with a 200 mg/L solutionof hypochlorite as a sanitation cycle. This is usually followed by arinse with citric acid. (Boulton et al., Principles and Practices ofWinemaking, page 210, Springer, 1^(st) Edition, Jan. 15, 1996).

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is often used for disinfecting hospitalwastewater in order to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms,causal agents of nosocomial infectious diseases. Chlorine disinfectantsin wastewater react with organic matters, giving rise to organicchlorine compounds such as AOX (halogenated organic compounds adsorbableon activated carbon), which are toxic for aquatic organisms and arepersistent environmental contaminants (Bohrerova et al., 2008, WaterResearch 42(12):2975-2982). Other protocols follow the removal ofpigments, colloidal deposits, and tartrates with a wash with a causticsolution containing sodium hydroxide (typically 3%) and further followedby a final wash with a citric acid solution (typically 3%) to neutralizeany remaining sodium hydroxide. There are several disadvantages to usingsodium hydroxide and citric acid for sterilization. The primarydisadvantage is the necessary use of large amounts of water as a solventfor both solutions. Any potential water saving measure is of great valueboth economically and environmentally. Further, the reduction in use ofextremely caustic sodium hydroxide would be an added environmentalbenefit.

Other methods currently used for sterilizing fermentation vessels (madefrom metals and/or wood) include the use of ozone. Prior to 1997, ozonecould only be used for sanitation and purification of bottled drinkingwater in the United States, and it is widely used around the world forthis purpose today. In May 1997, an expert panel assembled by theElectric Power Research Institute (EPRI) declared ozone to be GenerallyRecognized as Safe (GRAS) for use in food processing in the UnitedStates. Since then, wineries have embraced the use of ozone. Its use hasbeen generally accepted and documented to be effective for barrelcleaning and sanitation, tank cleaning and sanitation, clean-in-placesystems, and for general surface sanitation. Results have shown the samedegree of sanitization as that achieved using caustic for a fraction ofthe cost and wasted water.

However, in the wine industry, ozone systems tend to be mobile (a singleunit can be moved to different vessels), with multiple operators inmultiple locations. This makes it important that safety features andozone management systems be in place and that the system itself bereliable and easy to operate.

Natural levels of ozone range from 0.01 ppm to 0.15 ppm and can reachhigher concentrations in urban areas. Ozone is an unstable gas andreadily reacts with organic substances. It sanitizes by interacting withmicrobial membranes and denaturating metabolic enzymes.

Ozone is generated by irradiation of an air stream with ultraviolet (UV)light at a wavelength of 185 nm or by passing dry air or oxygen througha corona discharge (CD technology) generator. For low ozoneconcentrations (ca. 0.14% by weight, or 0.5 grams per hour), the lessexpensive UV equipment is sufficient. For more demanding situationswhere higher ozone concentrations (1.0% to 14% by weight) are required,CD systems are used.

The wine industry is using both CD technology and UV (different from theone described herein). Some manufacturers use multiple UV tubes toachieve a desired level of output. Several manufacturers chose toinstall air-cooled or water-cooled CD generators in their systems. It isreally a question of how much ozone at a certain gallons per minute(gpm) is desired for an application. For clean in place (CIP), 20 gpmmay be desired, necessitating a larger system, while only 10 gpm at alower concentration may provide satisfactory barrel washing.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set limitsfor ozone exposure in the workplace. These limits are for continuouseight-hour exposure of no more than 0.1 ppm, and a short-term exposurelimit (STEL) of 15 minutes at 0.3 ppm, not to be exceeded more thantwice per eight-hour work day. Consequently, ozone requires monitoringin the workplace if used for environmental or equipment sanitationusing, e.g., ozone.

Ozone is known to have adverse physiological effects on humans(Directorate-General of Labour, the Netherlands 1992, 4(92), 62).Technically, there is no minimum threshold for ozone toxicity. Even lowconcentrations of ozone produce transient irritation of the lungs aswell as headaches. Higher concentrations induce severe eye and upperrespiratory tract irritation. Chronic exposure to ozone leads torespiratory tract disease and has been associated with reportedincreases in tumor growth rates. Exposure to ozone levels greater thanthe maximum thresholds specified by the American Conference ofGovernmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)/Occupational Safety andHealth Administration (OSHA) results in nausea, chest pain, coughing,fatigue and reduced visual acuity. Thus, while ozone provides anefficient means of sterilization, it also poses an occupational hazardto those involved in the sterilization process.

Another bactericidal chemical frequently used to sterilize fermentationvessels is chlorinated trisodium phosphate (TSP). It has been wellestablished that chlorinated TSP is an effective germicidal agent. TSP,however, is also a severe irritant, capable of inducing contactdermatitis in addition to irritating the respiratory tract (HealthHazard Evaluation Report No. HETA-82-281-1503; HETA-82-281-1503). Also,certain microorganisms, such as Cryptosporidium, have developedresistance to reactive chlorine compounds. Further, evidence is mountingthat organic chemical byproducts of chemical disinfection, especiallybyproducts of chlorination, are carcinogens and/or toxins for humans.Thus, expensive filtration devices may be required to remove thechemicals. Further, systems based on filtration require frequentreplacement and/or cleaning of the filters. In addition, use ofchlorinated TSP requires large quantities of water as a solvent and toextensively rinse the container following chemical sterilization. Also,chlorinated compounds are notorious for causing wine fouling. Thus,chemical disinfection is not a viable alternative when chemical purityof a fluid or alcoholic beverage in a fermentation vessel is desired orrequired.

Ozone sterilization was originally used to purify blood in the late1800s. In the 1900s, ozonated water was in use for the treatment ofmultiple types of disease. In the first World War, ozone was used totreat wounds, gangrene and the effects of poisonous gas. Thus,throughout the time period, toxic and/or carcinogenic chemicals havebeen used in the sterilization of containers used for fermentingalcoholic beverages.

Using the chemical disinfection or ozone disinfection methods, there isalso no established protocol for verifying the level of sterilizationachieved by using those methods.

Sanitization of food-containing equipment or food-containing containersis a growing concern in the world. An increasing number of people fallill each year by being exposed to contaminated food or food kept incontaminated containers.

Thus, there is a need in the art for non-toxic and non-carcinogenicmethods, systems, and compositions useful for the sterilization ofcontainers, and in particular, for the sterilization of containers forfermenting alcoholic beverages and containers for food and dairyproducts. There is also a need for providing improved UV devices,systems, and methods for the sanitization of a room, a space or definedenvironment. The compositions, systems, and methods provided herein meetthese and other needs in the art.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Provided herein are portable UV devices, systems comprising a portableUV device, methods useful for the ultraviolet (UV) sterilization ofcontainers and for the sanitization of rooms, spaces and definedenvironments using a portable UV device, and methods for manufacturing aportable UV device.

The present invention provides a portable UV device. In some embodimentsof a portable UV device of the present invention, the portable UV deviceis a UV device for UV sterilization of an interior surface of acontainer. In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the presentinvention, the portable UV device comprises (i) a lower frame comprisinga first lower frame end and a second lower frame end; (ii) an upperframe comprising a first upper frame end and a second upper frame end;(iii) a first hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the upperframe and adapted to move the upper frame into an angular position withrespect to the position of the lower frame; (iv) at least one firstgermicidal UV light source comprising a first lamp and connected to thelower frame; and (v) at least one second germicidal UV light sourcecomprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame. When not inuse, the upper frame is positioned on top of the lower frame.

A portable UV device of the present invention is adapted to includeadditional parts and components. In some embodiments, the at least onefirst germicidal UV light source resides in a first housing. A varietyof housings can be used in the portable UV devices. In some embodimentsof a portable UV device of the present invention, the first housingpermits UV light to pass through. A housing that permits UV light topass through, can be made of a variety of materials. In some embodimentsof a portable UV device of the present invention, a housing is made ofUV fused silica, CaF₂, MgF₂, BaF₂, quartz, sapphire, teflon,polydimethylsiloxane, TPX® or polymethylpentene (PMP). A preferredmaterial is teflon.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the portable UV device further comprises a means for attaching theportable UV device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room,or to a fixture in or at a space or defined environment. A variety ofsuch means can be used for that purpose. In some embodiments, this meansis a mounting bracket.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the portable UV device further comprises a second hinge movablyconnecting the lower frame to the means for attaching the portable UVdevice to the opening of the container, to the fixture in the room or tothe fixture in or at the space or defined environment.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the portable UV device further comprises a means for controlling orfacilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position withrespect to the position of the lower frame. In some embodiments, thismeans permits the at least one second germicidal UV light source bepositioned at an angle ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees withrespect to the position of the at least first germicidal UV lightsource.

A variety of means can be used for controlling or facilitating movementof the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the positionof the lower frame. In some embodiments, this means comprises apneumatic cylinder.

In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating movement ofthe upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position ofthe lower frame comprises a rope or cable, wherein the rope or cable isconnected to a first rope or cable anchoring point at the upper frameand fastened to a second rope or cable anchoring point located on eitherthe lower frame or located on a mounting bracket movably attached to thelower frame and wherein, upon release of the rope or cable from thesecond rope or cable anchoring point, the upper frame moves from ahorizontal position to an angular position with respect to the positionof the lower frame. In some embodiments, the second rope or cableanchoring point is a first rope post or a second rope post attached tothe mounting bracket.

In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating movement ofthe upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position ofthe lower frame comprises an upper frame fixture clip, wherein the upperframe clip is adapted to restrict movement of the upper frame, andwherein, upon release from the upper frame fixture clip, the upper framemoves from a horizontal position to an angular position with respect tothe position of the lower frame.

In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating movement ofthe upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position ofthe lower frame comprises an extension spring comprising a first hookattached to a first anchoring post and a second hook attached to asecond anchoring post. In some embodiments of a portable UV device ofthe present invention, the second anchoring post is adapted to functionas a carrying handle.

In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating movement ofthe upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position ofthe lower frame comprises a motor.

In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating movement ofthe upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position ofthe lower frame comprises a winch.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the portable UV device further comprises at least one stop post. The atleast one stop post is adapted to prevent movement of the at least onesecond germicidal UV light source beyond an approximately perpendicularposition with respect to the position of the at least first germicidalUV light source.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the first upper frame end and the second upper frame end each compriseat least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket andwherein the at least one second germicidal UV light source is attachedto the at least one UV lamp socket.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the first lower frame end and the second lower frame end each compriseat least one opening adapted to attach at least one UV lamp socket andwherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source is attached tothe at least one UV lamp socket.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the first upper frame end and the second upper frame end are connectedby a plurality of rods. In some embodiments, the upper frame furthercomprises at least one cross connector and the plurality of rodspenetrates the at least one cross connector.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the portable UV device comprises a V sensor attached to either the lowerframe or the upper frame.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the portable UV device comprises more than one first germicidal UV lightsource. In some embodiments, the at least one first germicidal UV lightsource is a member of a plurality of first germicidal UV light sources,selected from the group consisting of two first germicidal UV lightsources, three first germicidal UV light sources, four first germicidalUV light sources, five first germicidal UV light sources, six firstgermicidal UV light sources, seven first germicidal UV light sources,eight first germicidal UV light sources, nine first germicidal UV lightsources, and ten first germicidal UV light sources, and wherein membersof the plurality of first germicidal UV light sources are the same ordifferent germicidal UV light sources.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the portable UV device comprises more than one second germicidal UVlight source. In some embodiments, the at least one second germicidal UVlight source is a member of a plurality of second germicidal UV lightsources, selected from the group consisting of two second germicidal UVlight sources, three second germicidal UV light sources, four secondgermicidal UV light sources, five second germicidal UV light sources,six second germicidal UV light sources, seven second germicidal UV lightsources, eight second germicidal UV light sources, nine secondgermicidal UV light sources, and ten second germicidal UV light sources,and wherein members of the plurality of second germicidal UV lightsources can be the same or different germicidal UV light sources.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the portable UV device comprises two first germicidal UV light sourcesconnected to the lower frame and two second germicidal UV light sourcesconnected to the upper frame. The two first germicidal UV light sourcescan be the same or different germicidal UV light sources. The two secondgermicidal UV light sources can be the same or different germicidal UVlight sources. The two first germicidal UV light sources and the twosecond germicidal UV light sources can be the same or differentgermicidal UV light sources.

A portable UV device of the present invention may comprise a variety offirst and second UV lamps. In some embodiments of a portable UV deviceof the present invention, the first lamp and the second lamp areindependently selected from the group consisting of a low pressuremercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercurylamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure short arcxenon lamp, a medium pressure short arc xenon lamp, a high pressureshort arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure short arc xenon lamp, a lowpressure long arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure long arc xenon lamp, ahigh pressure long arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure long arc xenonlamp, a low pressure metal halide lamp, a medium pressure metal halidelamp, a high pressure metal halide lamp, an ultra-high pressure metalhalide lamp, a tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen lamp, a quartziodine lamp, a sodium lamp, and an incandescent lamp. Preferred is a lowpressure mercury lamp.

In some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention,the at least one first germicidal UV light source or the at least onesecond germicidal UV light source is a UV-C light source.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a portable UV light sourceis connected to a control box. The control box is adapted to housevarious components and parts. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one ormore functionalities of the portable UV device or relaying a responsefrom the portable UV device.

A circuit board is adapted to control one or more functionalities of theportable UV device and/or is adopted to relay a response from theportable UV device. In some embodiments of a portable UV device of thepresent invention, the one or more functionalities of the portable UVdevice controlled by or relayed by the circuit board is selected fromthe group consisting of: (A) communicating with a radiofrequencyidentifier; (B) controlling a movement of the germicidal UV light sourcewithin a container, a room or a defined environment; (C) controlling apositioning of the germicidal UV light source within the container, theroom or the defined environment; (D) controlling activation anddeactivation of the germicidal UV light source; (E) relaying UV lightintensity via a UV sensor to the container, the room or the definedenvironment; (F) uploading and relaying information from theradiofrequency identifier; (G) generating a report on time of asanitization cycle; (H) generating a report on duration of asanitization cycle; (I) generating a report on UV light intensityattained during a sanitization cycle; (J) emailing, phoning or textingthe report on time of a sanitization cycle; (K) emailing, phoning ortexting the report on duration of a sanitization cycle; (L) emailing,phoning or texting the report on UV light intensity attained during asanitization cycle; (M) emailing, phoning or texting an alert that asanitization cycle is in progress, interrupted or complete; (N)emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a UV light source requiresreplacement; (0) logging date, time and individual who used the portableUV device; and (P) logging information of container, room, space, ordefined environment in which the portable UV device will be and/or hasbeen used.

A control box is adapted to comprise a variety of features, componentsand parts. In some embodiments of the present invention, a control boxcomprises a touchscreen interface adapted to provide an input for afunctionality selected from the group consisting of: (A) activating theportable UV device; (B) deactivating the portable UV device; (C)providing time input for completing a UV sterilization of a container, aroom, or a defined environment; (D) providing time elapsed for UVsterilization of the container, the room, or the defined environment;(E) setting a desired UV intensity level; (F) adjusting a UV intensitylevel; and (G) logging in a code for a user.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a control box comprises anemergency shutdown button, an on/off switch, a status indicator light oran alarm light.

The present invention also provides systems comprising a portable UVdevice. In some embodiments of a system, the system comprises (a) aportable UV device comprising (i) a lower frame comprising a first lowerframe end and a second lower frame end; (ii) an upper frame comprising afirst upper frame end and a second upper frame end; (iii) a first hingemovably connecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted tomove the upper frame into an angular position with respect to theposition of the lower frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal UV lightsource comprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame; and (v)at least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a second lampand connected to the upper frame; and (b) a container, a room, a spaceor a defined environment.

A system of the present invention may comprise a variety of containers.In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, a container isselected from the group consisting of: (A) a container for fermenting analcoholic beverage; (B) a container for storing or transporting a dairyproduct, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairycomposition; (C) a container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or acarbonated beverage; and (D) a container for a biological fluid.

The container, the room or the defined environments of a system of thepresent invention may have various interior surfaces. In someembodiments of a system of the present invention, the container, theroom, or the defined environment comprises an interior surfacecomprising wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum, foilaluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainlesssteel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil paint,white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a fabric.

In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, a systemcomprises (a) a portable UV device comprising (i) a lower framecomprising a first lower frame end and a second lower frame end; (ii) anupper frame comprising a first upper frame end and a second upper frameend; (iii) a first hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the upperframe and adapted to move the upper frame into an angular position withrespect to the position of the lower frame; (iv) at least one firstgermicidal UV light source comprising a first lamp and connected to thelower frame; and (v) at least one second germicidal UV light sourcecomprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame; and (b) acontrol box, wherein the control box comprises a circuit boardcontrolling one or more functionalities of the portable UV device.

In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, the systemfurther comprises a case, wherein the portable UV device, when not inuse, resides. In some embodiments, the case is attached to the controlbox.

In some embodiments of a system of the present invention, the systemfurther comprises a transportation rack adapted to accommodate thecontrol box and case for transportation.

The present invention further provides methods of using a portable UVdevice of the present invention, preferably using a portable UV deviceof the present invention in a method for UV sterilization of an interiorsurface of a container, an interior surface of a room or an interiorsurface of a defined environment. Any portable UV device describedherein can be used in such method. In some embodiments, a method for UVsterilization of an interior surface of a container, an interior surfaceof a room or an interior surface of a defined environment comprises thesteps of (a) movably and inwardly inserting through an opening of acontainer, through an opening of a room or through an opening of adefined environment at least one first germicidal UV light source and atleast one second germicidal UV light source of a portable UV devicecomprising (i) a lower frame comprising a first lower frame end and asecond lower frame end; (ii) an upper frame comprising a first upperframe end and a second upper frame end; (iii) a first hinge movablyconnecting the lower frame to the upper frame and adapted to move theupper frame into an angular position with respect to the position of thelower frame; (iv) at least one first germicidal UV light sourcecomprising a first lamp and connected to the lower frame; and (v) atleast one second germicidal UV light source comprising a second lamp andconnected to the upper frame; and (b) activating the at least one firstgermicidal UV light source and the at least one second germicidal UVlight source. Thereby, the interior surface of the container, theinterior surface of the room or the interior surface of the definedenvironment is sterilized.

Any container, room or defined environment can be sterilized using amethod of the present invention and a portable UV device of the presentinvention. In some embodiments of a method for UV sterilization of aninterior surface of a container, a container is selected from the groupconsisting of: (A) a container for fermenting an alcoholic beverage; (B)a container for storing or transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy,a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairy composition; (C) a containerfor water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and (D) acontainer for a biological fluid.

An interior surface of a container, an interior surface of a room or aninterior surface of a defined environment, may have various interiorsurfaces. Methods described herein are not limited by such surfaces. Insome embodiments of a method for UV sterilization of an interior surfaceof a container, an interior surface of a room or an interior surface ofa defined environment, the container, the room, or the definedenvironment comprises an interior surface comprising wood, plastic,concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum, foil aluminum, polished aluminum,chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainless steel, tri-plated steel,water paint, white cotton, white oil paint, white paper, whiteporcelain, white wall plaster or a fabric.

The present invention further provides methods for manufacturing aportable UV device. In particular, the present invention provides amethod for manufacturing a portable UV device comprising (i) a lowerframe comprising a first lower frame end and a second lower frame end;(ii) an upper frame comprising a first upper frame end and a secondupper frame end; (iii) a first hinge movably connecting the lower frameto the upper frame and adapted to move the upper frame into an angularposition with respect to the position of the lower frame; (iv) at leastone first germicidal UV light source comprising a first lamp andconnected to the lower frame; and (v) at least one second germicidal UVlight source comprising a second lamp and connected to the upper frame.In some embodiments, a method for manufacturing a portable UV devicecomprises the steps of attaching at least one first germicidal UV lightsource to a lower frame; attaching at least one second germicidal UVlight source to an upper frame; and attaching a first hinge to the lowerframe and to the upper frame thereby connecting the lower frame to theupper frame so that the upper frame can move in a position ranging fromabout 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the lowerframe. In some embodiments, a method for manufacturing a portable UVdevice further comprises the step of attaching a means for controllingor facilitating movement of the upper frame into a position ranging fromabout 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the lowerframe.

Some embodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, asystem of the present invention, a method of use of the presentinvention and a method of manufacturing a portable UV device of thepresent invention are set forth below:

-   -   1. A portable ultraviolet (UV) device comprising    -   a lower frame comprising a first lower frame end and a second        lower frame end; an upper frame comprising    -   a first upper frame end and a second upper frame end;    -   a first hinge movably connecting the lower frame to the upper        frame and adapted to move the upper frame into an angular        position with respect to the position of the lower frame;    -   at least one first germicidal UV light source comprising a first        lamp and connected to the lower frame; and    -   at least one second germicidal UV light source comprising a        second lamp and connected to the upper frame;    -   wherein, when not in use, the upper frame is positioned on top        of the lower frame.    -   2. The portable UV device according to embodiment 1, wherein the        at least one first germicidal UV light source resides in a first        housing.    -   3. The portable UV device according to embodiment 2, wherein the        first housing permits UV light to pass through.    -   4. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 2        to 3, wherein the housing is made of UV fused silica, CaF₂,        MgF₂, BaF₂, quartz, sapphire, teflon, polydimethylsiloxane, TPX®        or polymethylpentene (PMP).    -   5. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 4, further comprising a means for attaching the portable UV        device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or        to a fixture in or at a space or defined environment,        preferably, the means is a mounting bracket.    -   6. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 5, further comprising a second hinge movably connecting the        lower frame to the means for attaching the portable UV device to        the opening of the container, to the fixture in the room or to        the fixture in or at the space or defined environment.    -   7. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 6, further comprising a means for controlling or facilitating        movement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect        to the position of the lower frame.    -   8. The portable UV device according to embodiment 7, wherein the        means for controlling or facilitating movement of the upper        frame to an angular position with respect to the position of the        lower frame permits the at least one second germicidal UV light        source be positioned at an angle ranging from about 0 to about        90 degrees with respect to the position of the at least first        germicidal UV light source.    -   9. The portable UV device according to embodiments 7 to 8,        wherein the means for controlling or facilitating movement of        the upper frame to an angular position with respect to the        position of the lower frame comprises a component selected from        the group consisting of    -   a pneumatic cylinder;    -   a rope or cable, wherein the rope or cable is connected to a        first rope or cable anchoring point at the upper frame and        fastened to a second rope or cable anchoring point located on        either the lower frame or located on a mounting bracket movably        attached to the lower frame and wherein, upon release of the        rope or cable from the second rope or cable anchoring point, the        upper frame moves from a horizontal position to an angular        position with respect to the position of the lower frame and        preferably the second rope or cable anchoring point is a first        rope post or a second rope post attached to the mounting        bracket;    -   an upper frame fixture clip, wherein the upper frame clip is        adapted to restrict movement of the upper frame, and wherein,        upon release from the upper frame fixture clip, the upper frame        moves from a horizontal position to an angular position with        respect to the position of the lower frame;    -   an extension spring comprising a first hook attached to a first        anchoring post and a second hook attached to a second anchoring        post, preferably, the second anchoring post is adapted to        function as a carrying handle;    -   a motor; and    -   a winch.    -   10. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 9, further comprising at least one stop post; wherein the at        least one stop post is adapted to prevent movement of the at        least one second germicidal UV light source beyond an        approximately perpendicular position with respect to the        position of the at least first germicidal UV light source.    -   11. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 10, wherein the first upper frame end and the second upper        frame end each comprise at least one opening adapted to attach        at least one UV lamp socket and wherein the at least one second        germicidal UV light source is attached to the at least one UV        lamp socket.    -   12. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 11, wherein the first lower frame end and the second lower        frame end each comprise at least one opening adapted to attach        at least one UV lamp socket and wherein the at least one first        germicidal UV light source is attached to the at least one UV        lamp socket.    -   13. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 12, wherein the first upper frame end and the second upper        frame end are connected by a plurality of rods.    -   14. The portable UV device according to embodiment 13, wherein        the upper frame further comprises at least one cross connector        and wherein the plurality of rods penetrates the at least one        cross connector.    -   15. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 14, further comprising a UV sensor attached to either the        lower frame or the upper frame.    -   16. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 15, wherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source        is a member of a plurality of first germicidal UV light sources,        selected from the group consisting of two first germicidal UV        light sources, three first germicidal UV light sources, four        first germicidal UV light sources, five first germicidal UV        light sources, six first germicidal UV light sources, seven        first germicidal UV light sources, eight first germicidal UV        light sources, nine first germicidal UV light sources, and ten        first germicidal UV light sources, and wherein members of the        plurality of first germicidal UV light sources are the same or        different germicidal UV light sources.    -   17. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 16, wherein the at least one second germicidal UV light        source is a member of a plurality of second germicidal UV light        sources, selected from the group consisting of two second        germicidal UV light sources, three second germicidal UV light        sources, four second germicidal UV light sources, five second        germicidal UV light sources, six second germicidal UV light        sources, seven second germicidal UV light sources, eight second        germicidal UV light sources, nine second germicidal UV light        sources, and ten second germicidal UV light sources, and wherein        members of the plurality of second germicidal UV light sources        can be the same or different germicidal UV light sources.    -   18. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 17, wherein the portable UV device comprises two first        germicidal UV light sources connected to the lower frame and two        second germicidal UV light sources connected to the upper frame        and wherein the two first germicidal UV light sources and the        two second germicidal UV light sources are the same or different        germicidal UV light sources.    -   19. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 18, wherein the first lamp and the second lamp are        independently selected from the group consisting of a low        pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high        pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a        low pressure short arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure short arc        xenon lamp, a high pressure short arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high        pressure short arc xenon lamp, a low pressure long arc xenon        lamp, a medium pressure long arc xenon lamp, a high pressure        long arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure long arc xenon lamp,        a low pressure metal halide lamp, a medium pressure metal halide        lamp, a high pressure metal halide lamp, an ultra-high pressure        metal halide lamp, a tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen        lamp, a quartz iodine lamp, a sodium lamp, and an incandescent        lamp.    -   20. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 19, wherein the at least one first germicidal UV light source        or the at least one second germicidal UV light source is a UV-C        light source.    -   21. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments 1        to 20, wherein the portable UV device is connected to a control        box.    -   22. The portable UV device according to embodiment 21, wherein        the control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or        more functionalities of the portable UV device or relaying a        response from the portable UV device.    -   23. The portable UV device according to embodiment 22, wherein        the one or more functionalities of the portable UV device        controlled by or relayed by the circuit board is selected from        the group consisting of:    -   communicating with a radiofrequency identifier;    -   controlling a movement of the germicidal UV light source within        a container, a room or a defined environment;    -   controlling a positioning of the germicidal UV light source        within the container, the room or the defined environment;    -   controlling activation and deactivation of the germicidal UV        light source;    -   relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to the container,        the room or the defined environment;    -   uploading and relaying information from the radiofrequency        identifier;    -   generating a report on time of a sanitization cycle;    -   generating a report on duration of a sanitization cycle;    -   generating a report on UV light intensity attained during a        sanitization cycle;    -   emailing, phoning or texting the report on time of a        sanitization cycle;    -   emailing, phoning or texting the report on duration of a        sanitization cycle;    -   emailing, phoning or texting the report on UV light intensity        attained during a sanitization cycle;    -   emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a sanitization cycle        is in progress, interrupted or complete;    -   emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a UV light source        requires replacement;    -   logging date, time and individual who used the portable UV        device; and    -   logging information of a container, a room, or a defined        environment in which the portable UV device will be and/or has        been used.    -   24. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments        21 to 23, wherein the control box comprises a touchscreen        interface adapted to provide an input for a functionality        selected from the group consisting of:    -   activating the portable UV device;    -   deactivating the portable UV device;    -   providing time input for completing a UV sterilization of a        container, a room, or a defined environment;    -   providing time elapsed for UV sterilization of the container,        the room, or the defined environment;    -   setting a desired UV intensity level;    -   adjusting a UV intensity level; and    -   logging in a code for a user.    -   25. The portable UV device according to any one of embodiments        21 to 24, wherein the control box comprises an emergency        shutdown button, an on/off switch, a status indicator light or        an alarm light.    -   26. A system comprising (i) a portable UV device according to        any one of embodiments 1-25; and (ii) a container, a room, a        space or a defined environment.    -   27. The system according to embodiment 26, wherein the container        is selected from the group consisting of:    -   a container for fermenting an alcoholic beverage;    -   a container for storing or transporting a dairy product, a        liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairy        composition;    -   a container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated        beverage; and    -   a container for a biological fluid.    -   28. The system according to embodiment 26, wherein the        container, room, space or defined environment comprises an        interior surface comprising wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer,        etched aluminum, foil aluminum, polished aluminum, chromium,        glass, nickel, silver, stainless steel, tri-plated steel, water        paint, white cotton, white oil paint, white paper, white        porcelain, white wall plaster or a fabric.    -   29. A system comprising a portable UV device according to any        one of embodiments 1 to 25; and a control box, wherein the        control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or more        functionalities of the portable UV device.    -   30. The system according to embodiment 29, further comprising a        case, in which the portable UV device, when not in use, resides,        preferably, the case is attached to the control box.    -   31. The system according to embodiment 30, further comprising a        transportation rack adapted to accommodate the control box and        case for transportation.    -   32. A method for UV sterilization of an interior surface of a        container, an interior surface of a room or an interior surface        of a defined environment, the method comprising the steps of:    -   movably and inwardly inserting through an opening of a        container, through an opening of a room or through an opening of        a defined environment the at least one first germicidal UV light        source and the at least one second germicidal UV light source of        a portable UV device according to embodiments 1 to 25; and    -   activating the at least one first germicidal UV light source and        the at least one second germicidal UV light source;    -   whereby the interior surface of the container, the interior        surface of the room or the interior surface of the defined        environment is sterilized.    -   33. The method according to embodiment 32, wherein the container        is selected from the group consisting of:    -   a container for fermenting an alcoholic beverage;    -   a container for storing or transporting a dairy product, a        liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or a dry dairy        composition;    -   a container for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated        beverage; and    -   a container for a biological fluid.    -   34. A method for manufacturing a portable UV device according to        embodiments 1-25, the method comprising the steps of:    -   attaching at least one first germicidal UV light source to a        lower frame;    -   attaching at least one second germicidal UV light source to an        upper frame; and    -   attaching a first hinge to the lower frame and to the upper        frame thereby connecting the lower frame to the upper frame so        that the upper frame can move in a position ranging from about 0        to about 90 degrees with respect to the position of the lower        frame.    -   35. The method according to embodiment 34, further comprising        the step of:    -   attaching a means for controlling or facilitating movement of        the upper frame into a position ranging from about 0 to about 90        degrees with respect to the position of the lower frame.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention abovea container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. In the UV deviceshown, a singular mobile cylindrical UV lamp is retracted in a housing2, here a protective sleeve. A motorized unit 1 is mounted on top of theprotective sleeve. The housing 2 is attached to a mounting bracket 3.

FIG. 2 schematically depicts a a UV device of the present inventionabove a container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. In thisembodiment, the UV lamp 5 is being lowered from within a housing 2, herea protective sleeve. The UV lamp 5 can be suspended above the container4 via a mounting bracket 3. The UV lamp 5 can be raised and lowered by amotorized unit 1 mounted on top of the housing 2.

FIG. 3 schematically depicts a UV device of the present invention placedon a container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. In thisembodiment, the UV lamp 5 is being lowered into the interior of thecontainer 4. The UV device is supported by a mounting bracket 3. The UVlamp is being lowered from a housing 2, here a protective sleeve, by amotorized unit 1 mounted on top of the housing 2.

FIG. 4 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventioncomprising four UV lamps 5 mounted on a frame 6, which can be attachedto a motorized unit 1 by a rigid rod or flexible cable 7. In thisembodiment, four UV lamps were chosen as an example to demonstrate thatthe use of more than one UV lamp 5 in various un-clustered positions isencompassed by the present invention. In this embodiment, the UV lamps 5are being lowered into the interior of the container 4, here acylindrical fermentation vessel. The UV device is supported by amounting bracket 3. The cable or rigid rod 7 supporting the frame 6 islowered from within a housing 2, here a protective sleeve, by amotorized unit 1 mounted on top of the housing 2.

FIG. 5 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different configuration of UV lamps 5. In this embodiment,eight UV lamps 5 are mounted on an octagonal bracket 9, which can beattached to a motorized unit 1 by a rigid rod or flexible cable 7. Inthis figure, the UV lamps 5 are being lowered into the interior of thecontainer 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. The UV device issupported by a mounting bracket 3. The cable or rigid rod 7 attached toa connecting plate 6 is lowered from within a housing 2, here aprotective sleeve, by a motorized unit 1 mounted on top of the housing2. An additional UV lamp 8 may optionally be placed at the bottom of theconnecting plate 6. The UV lamp 8 will be attached to a position on theconnecting plate 6 such that the lower surface of the container 4 willreceive sufficient UV radiation to kill or inhibit the growth of alldesired microorganisms by the end of the sterilization cycle. In anotherembodiment, a reflective lid is positioned horizontally between theoctagonal bracket 9 and the UV lamp 8 may be fixed to the surface of theoctagonal bracket 9 to increase the intensity of UV light directed atthe lower surface and pointing downwards to ensure the bottom surface ofthe container 4 is exposed to sufficient UV radiation.

FIG. 6 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different configuration of UV lamps 5. The UV device issupported by a folding base plate 10, which is attached to a centralpost 16 having a track 25. The device is inserted through the topopening of a container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. Theintensity of the UV radiation is monitored by a UV detector 11, whichoptionally is attached to an adjustable bracket 15 allowing the detector11 to be placed as close to the inner surface of the container 4 aspossible. The UV lamps 5 are optionally covered in this configuration byan acrylic covering that does not absorb UV-C light. The lamps 5 aresupported by a housing 2, which as shown in FIG. 7 may fold open. Theposition and angle of the lamps 5 may be adjusted as depicted in FIG. 7.

FIG. 7 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different configuration of UV lamps 5. The UV device issupported by a folding base plate 10. The UV device is inserted throughthe top opening of a container 4, here a cylindrical fermentationvessel. The UV lamps 5 are held in housings 2, which fold open. Thehousings 2 are attached to a central sleeve 12 via connecting rods 13.The position of the central sleeve 12 may be adjusted to adjust theangle that the UV lamps 5 protrude from the central axis. In thisembodiment, the central sleeve 12 is mounted in turn on anothercentrally mounted motorized sleeve 14, which can move the entire UVdevice up and down within the container 4. The intensity of the UVradiation is monitored by a UV detector 11, which is attached to anadjustable bracket 15 allowing the detector 11 to be placed as close tothe inner surface of the container as possible. The angling of the lamps5 also ensures the base of the container is irradiated with UV.

FIG. 8 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different configuration of UV lamps 5. In this embodiment,four UV lamps 5 mounted in housings 2 are mounted to a central sleeve12, which can be moved up and down within the container 4, here acylindrical fermentation vessel, on a central post 16, via a motorizedunit 1 attached to the central sleeve 12. The lamp housings 2 areaffixed to two parallelogramming arms (not shown in this Figure, shownin FIG. 9), which can move in a circular motion and adjust the positionof the UV lamps 5 and their proximity to the inner surface of container4 of varying diameter.

FIG. 9 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different position of UV lamps 5 (same as FIG. 8, but with UVlamps 5 extended). In this embodiment, four UV lamps 5 mounted inhousings 2 are mounted to a central sleeve 12, which can be moved up anddown within the container 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel on acentral post 16, via a motorized unit 1 attached to the central sleeve12. The lamp housings 2 are affixed to two parallelogramming arms 17,which can move in a circular motion and adjust the position of the UVlamps 5 and their proximity to the inner surface of containers 4 ofvarying diameter. In this figure the parallelogramming arms 17 are shownfully extended. Arms 17 may also not be fully extended, i.e., form theyan angle between 0 and 90 degrees and be positioned within the closedposition (shown in FIG. 8) and the open position (shown in FIG. 9).

FIG. 10 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different configuration using a pulsed UV lamp 5. In thisembodiment, the pulsed UV lamp 5 is shown within a housing 2, whichcontains a fan cooling system (not shown) in order to maintain the lamptemperature within an optimal range. The entire UV device is supportedby a bracket 3, mounted on top of the container 4, here a cylindricalfermentation vessel. The assembly holding the UV lamp 5 is attached viaan arm 18, with a track 19, that allows the position of the UV light tobe adjusted horizontally via a motorized unit 1. The positioning of theUV pulsed lamp 5 can be optimized by a range-finding device 20 (alsoreferred to as a guide) mounted at position 22. The motorized unit 1 canalso move up and down a central sleeve 12, adjusting the positionvertically. Central sleeve 12 also moves up and down on central post 16,and can telescope up covering central post 16 in order to decrease theoverall size of the device facilitating transport. Motor unit 23 mountedat the top of the central post 16 spins the central post 16 enabling thepulsed UV lamp 5 to irradiate the entire surface of the container 4 (bymoving vertically and rotating). Adjusting bracket 24 can adjust theposition of the pulsed UV lamp 5 from vertical to horizontal (shown inFIG. 11) by moving along a track 19 at the bottom of arm 18.

FIG. 11 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different position using a pulsed UV lamp 5 (same asembodiment as FIG. 10, but with UV lamps 5 in horizontal position). Inthis embodiment, the pulsed UV lamp 5 is shown within a housing 2, whichcontains a fan cooling system (not shown) in order to maintain the lamptemperature within an optimal range. The UV device is supported by abracket 3 placed or mounted on top of a container 4, here a cylindricalfermentation vessel. The assembly holding the UV lamp 5 is attached viaan arm 18, with a track 19, that allows the position of the UV light tobe adjusted horizontally via a motorized unit 1. The positioning of theUV pulsed lamp 5 can be optimized by range-finding device 20 mounted atposition 22. The motorized unit 1 can also move up and down a centralsleeve 12 adjusting the position vertically. Central sleeve 12 alsomoves up and down on central post 16 and can telescope up coveringcentral post 16 in order to decrease the overall size of the devicefacilitating transport. Motor unit 23 mounted at the top of the centralpost 16 spins the central post 16 enabling the pulsed UV lamp 5 toirradiate the entire surface of the container 4 (by moving verticallyand rotating). Adjusting bracket 24 (hidden) can adjust the position ofthe pulsed UV lamp 5 from vertical to horizontal (shown in FIG. 12) bymoving along a track 19 at the bottom of arm 18. In the embodimentshown, the UV lamp 5 is held horizontally allowing the of the vessel tobe bottom surface of the vessel to be irradiated with pulsed UV light.

FIG. 12 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different configuration using four clustered UV lamps 5. Inthis embodiment, the UV lamps 5 are mounted to a housing 2 (the housingmay or may not have reflectors of various cross sections e.g. parabolic,elliptical, or circular). The UV device is supported to the top of acontainer (not shown) by a four-armed bracket 3. The clustered UV lamps5 can move up and down a central post 16 along a track 25. This isaccomplished by a motorized unit (not shown here) located between theclustered UV lamps 5 in position 26. The bracket 3 can be used to attachthe UV device to a container. Alternatively, the bracket 3 can alsofunction as a base plate or stand similar to base plate 10 as shown,e.g., in FIG. 7 In such configuration, the UV device may be positionedon a surface of a container, e.g., on an interior bottom surface of acontainer (e.g., see FIG. 7) or on an upper exterior surface of acontainer (e.g., see FIGS. 25, 29).

FIG. 13 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different configuration using two sets of four clustered UVlamps 5. In this embodiment, the UV lamps 5 are mounted to a housing 2(the housing may or may not have reflectors of various cross sectionse.g., parabolic, elliptical, or circular). This embodiment is preferredfor use within a horizontal container. The UV device is supported to thetop of a container (not shown) by a horizontal stand 28 The clustered UVlamps 5 can move horizontally along a central post 16 along a track 25.This is accomplished by a motorized unit located between the clusteredlamps in position 26. The central post 16 is telescoping allowing onehalf to slide into the other at position 27. This allows the length ofthe UV device to be adjusted to the length of the container. Twoclusters of UV lamps 5 are shown to demonstrate that more than onecluster of UV lamps 5 can be used.

FIG. 14 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different configuration of UV lamps 5. In this embodiment, theUV lamps 5 are mounted on a lid 29, such as a hinged lid 30, to acontainer 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. A removable bracket31 providing support for a system comprising one or more UV detectors 11is mounted along the inner surface of the container 4. These UVdetectors 11 ensure sufficient intensity of UV radiation required tokill or inhibit growth of unwanted microorganisms has reached allinterior surfaces of the container 4. In this embodiment, the UV lamps 5are mounted to frame 6 and lowered via a cable 7 (not shown, shown inFIG. 15) attached to a motorized unit 1. A reflector 32 may optionallybe mounted to the lower surface of the lid 29.

FIG. 15 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different position of UV lamps 5 (same embodiment as FIG. 14but now with the frame 6 and UV lamps 5 lowered). A removable bracket 31(not shown here, shown in FIG. 14) providing support for a systemcomprising one or more UV detectors 11 (shown in FIG. 14) is mountedalong the inner surface of the container 4. These UV detectors 11 ensuresufficient intensity of UV radiation required to kill or inhibit growthof unwanted microorganisms has reached all surfaces of the container 4.In this embodiment, the UV lamp assembly is guided down the container 4by nylon blocks 33 attached to frame 6. The lowering of the UV lampassembly occurs via a motorized unit 1, to which the UV lamp assembly isattached via a cable 7. The lowering of the UV lamp assembly isoptional. It can remain at the top of the vessel situated just below thelid 29. In some embodiments, the motorized unit moves the UV lampassembly in a circular manner.

FIG. 16 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionshowing a different configuration of a pulsed UV lamp 5. The pulsed UVlamp 5 is shown within a housing 2, which contains a fan cooling system(not shown) in order to maintain the lamp temperature within an optimalrange. The assembly holding the UV lamp 5 (e.g., a pulsed UV lamp)attached via an arm 18 with a track 19 that allows the position of theUV lamp 5 to be adjusted horizontally via a motorized unit 1. Themotorized unit 1 can also move up and down a central sleeve 12 adjustingthe position vertically. Central sleeve 12 also moves up and down oncentral post 16 that can be a permanent integral component of thecontainer 4, here a cylindrical fermentation vessel. Motor unit 23mounted at the top of the central sleeve 12 spins the central sleeve 12enabling the pulsed UV lamp 5 to irradiate the entire surface of thecontainer (by moving vertically and rotating). The assembly holding theUV lamp 5 is attached via an arm 18 with a track 19 that allows theposition of the UV lamp 5 to be adjusted horizontally via a motorizedunit 1. A post or boss 34 at position 35 further enhances the stabilityof central post 16 once the UV device is mounted and lid 29 is closed.

FIG. 17 provides a variety of commercially available UV lamps ofdifferent length, shape, and type useful in the present invention(American Air & Water Inc., Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29926, USA). Foreach UV lamp, the UV-C output is provided in watts and the UV intensityis provided in UV μW/cm² at 1 m. Length as indicated reflects nominallength with standard lamp holders adding 2″ overall length. Additionallamp lengths and types are available. *, Ozone is negligible unlessnoted as OZ for high or VH for very high ozone production.

FIGS. 18A-D schematically depict cross sections of four commerciallyavailable reflectors (Hill Technical Sales Corp.) for use in the presentinvention. The upper two cross sections of the reflectors shown in FIG.18A and FIG. 18B are elliptical and provide a line source of UV light.One focal point of the ellipse is located at the center of the UV lampthe other focal point is positioned approximately 1.75″ or 3.5″(depending on reflector used) from the bottom edge of the reflector tothe surface being irradiated. The lower two cross sections of thereflectors shown in FIG. 18C and FIG. 18D are parabolic and provide acollimated UV radiation source. The reflectors bottom edge preferablyare located 4 to 5 inches from the surface being irradiated.

FIGS. 19A and 19B schematically depict an embodiment of a UV device ofthe present invention referred to herein as linear actuator or scissorboom wherein the central post 16 is a scissor boom. Two configurationsare shown: FIG. 19A, scissor boom folded; FIG. 19B, scissor boomextended. A UV lamp cluster housing 36 is attached to the outer end ofthe scissor boom. The UV lamp cluster housing houses a cluster of UVlamps (not shown in Figure). A linear actuator 37 pushes a scissormechanism 38 up and down a first slide rail 39 located at the inner end(first end) of the scissor boom and allows the length of the scissorboom to be varied according to the diameter of the container into whichit is inserted and/or mounted to. A second sliding rail 40, located atthe outer end (second end) of the scissor boom allows the scissor boomto expand and contract in length. Once in place, the UV lamp cluster(not shown in Figure) is dropped from its UV lamp cluster housing 36 andlowered down the central axis of the container. Arrows indicate pivotpoints. A sensor, e.g., a range-finding device (20, not shown in Figure)may also be attached to the second end of the scissor boom and willdetermine the length to which the scissor boom expands.

FIGS. 20A and 20B schematically depict an embodiment of a UV device ofthe present invention referred to herein as bulb cluster assemblywherein the central post 16 is a central bar. FIG. 20A. closedconfiguration; FIG. 20B, open configuration. In this embodiment, thebulb cluster assembly is shown without a protective housing. In otherembodiments, the UV lamps 5 are in a protective housing when not in use.Three UV lamps 5 are attached via pins 41 to an upper plate 42. Whendropped out of a protective housing (not shown), a spring 43 on each UVlamp (only shown for one UV lamp in Figure) forces the UV lamps out to a15 degree angle. A central bar 44 attaches to a lower plate 45 to theupper plate 42. As the cluster is retracted back into the protectivecover, the UV lamps are forced back into a vertical position and areheld in place by the lower plate 45.

FIGS. 21-25 consisting of subparts A-G as indicted below, schematicallydepict several views of an exemplary embodiment of a UV device of thepresent invention comprising a telescopic arm as a means for moving a UVlight source, here shown as a UV lamp cluster, into a desired orpredetermined position. The UV device is shown schematically in variousconfigurations: in its folded position (FIGS. 21A-G), in its loadposition (FIGS. 22A-G), in its payout position (FIGS. 23A-G), in itshorizontal position (FIGS. 24A-G), and in its UV lamp down position(FIGS. 25A-C). Individual parts of this UV device are shown in detail insome of FIGS. 21-25, however, because of providing different overallviews of this UV device, not all details or individual parts will beapparent in each of FIGS. 21-25.

FIG. 21A schematically depicts a top view of the UV device having atelescopic arm in its folded position. UV lamps 5 are clustered in a UVlamp cluster and are within a housing 2, here a UV mesh cage, whichallows UV light to pass through. The UV lamps 5 are attached to a frame6 and an upper plate 42. The upper plate 42 is connected to a UV lamppivot arm 49 allowing the UV lamp cluster to be positioned in a desiredposition. The UV lamp pivot arm 49 is attached to a UV lamp stop block50. A mounting bracket 3, also referred to as hanger, is used to attachthe UV device to a container (not shown). The mounting bracket 3 isattached to a pulley mount arm 51, to which also other parts of the UVdevice can be attached, such as the motorized unit 1 (also referred toas motor) and a winch 48. The mounting bracket (hanger) 3 comprises oneor more hanger support bars 52, a clamp post 53 and a tightening screw78 for firmly attaching the UV device to a container. A motorized unit 1(also referred to as motor) is connected to a reel assembly 54, which ismounted to the pulley mount arm 51. A motorized unit 1 or gravityextends the telescoping arm 46 consisting of multiple telescoping units47 shown here as slided into each other, from the folded and loadposition (FIGS. 22A-G) into the payout position (FIGS. 23A-G). As shownschematically in this embodiment, the motor 1 is connected to a reelassembly 54 (shown in greater detail in FIGS. 21 E-G). The motor 1connects to the reel assembly 54 via a reel assembly motor unit 55 and amotor coupler 56. As shown in this embodiment, the reel assembly 54comprises a reel assembly idler post 57 for mounting the reel assembly54 to the pulley mount bar 51, a reel assembly top plate 58, one or morereel assembly flanges 59, a reel assembly hub 60, and a reel assemblydrive post 61. A winch 48 mounted on the pulley mount arm 51 moves thetelescoping arm 46 and the telescoping units 47 from a payout position(FIGS. 23A-G) into a horizontal position (FIGS. 24A-G). As shown in thisembodiment, the winch 48 comprises a winch pulley guide 62, a winchguide pulley shaft 63, a winch shaft 64, a winch hub 65, a winch topplate 66, one or more winch flanges 67, a winch ratchet retainer 68, apawl 69, and a crank or handle 70. The outer telescoping unit 47 of thetelescopic arm 46 is attached to the bottom part of the pulley mount arm51 by one or more cross member support bars 71 and a cross bar stopplate 72. One end of the outer telescopic unit 47 is connected to atelescopic arm pivot 73 allowing the telescoping arm to be moved fromthe loaded (FIGS. 22A-G) or payout position (FIGS. 23A-G) into ahorizontal position (FIGS. 24A-G) and back into the loaded or payoutposition.

FIG. 21B schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIG. 21A. A lifting eye 74 having a lifting eyebase 75 and a lifting eye side support 76 (better shown e.g., in FIGS.21E, F) is attached to the outer telescoping unit 47 and to the pulleymount arm 51.

FIG. 21C schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A, B.

FIG. 21D schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-C A cable 7 functions as a lampholder and for vertically extending the position of the UV light source(here a UV lamp cluster) towards the bottom of a container (not shown).The cable 7 attaches the UV light source through the inner telescopingunit 47 to the reel assembly 54.

FIG. 21E schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-D.

FIG. 21F schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device havinga telescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-E.

FIG. 21G schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its folded position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 22A schematically depicts a top view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F. A manhole or port 77 provides foraccess to the container from the top of the container and allows, e.g.,for pressure washing devices to be attached and for attaching of a UVdevice of the present invention.

FIG. 22B schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 22C schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 22D schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 22E schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 22F schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device havinga telescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 22G schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its load position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 23A schematically depicts a top view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 23B schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 23C schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 23D schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 23E schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 23F schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device havinga telescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 23G schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its payout position. Individual parts are shown andnumbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 24A schematically depicts a front view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shownand numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 24B schematically depicts a back view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shownand numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 24C schematically depicts a top view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shownand numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 24D schematically depicts a bottom view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shownand numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 24E schematically depicts a first side view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shownand numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 24F schematically depicts a second side view of a UV device havinga telescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shownand numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 24G schematically depicts an isometric view of a UV device having atelescopic arm in its horizontal position. Individual parts are shownand numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 25A schematically depicts a top view of a UV device attached to acontainer 4 and having a telescopic arm in its UV lamp down position.FIG. 25B shows a schematic side view of a UV device attached to thecontainer 4 and having a telescopic arm in its UV lamp down position.FIG. 25C shows a schematic isometric view of a UV device attached to acontainer 4 and having a telescopic arm in its UV lamp down position.Individual parts are shown and numbered as described in FIGS. 21A-F.

FIG. 26 consists of FIG. 26A, FIG. 26B, FIG. 26C and FIG. 26D arrangedas shown and schematically depicts an exemplary circuit board used in anembodiment of the present invention. The circuit board, which providesfor several functionalities, can be attached to a UV device and, e.g.communicates with an RFID chip that can be mounted to an interior wallof the container. Once information is retrieved from the RFID chip, thecircuit board will control movement, the length of which the telescopicarm descends (i.e., the length to which the telescoping units 47 movethe UV light source into a vertical downwards position) and the rate ofdescent based on tank dimensions stored in the RFID chip. As one ofordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the exemplary circuit boardshown, comprises a TI module (part number shown) and a serial port. Alsoshown on the board are relays to control a motor and the positioning ofthe UV light source. In some embodiments is also a 5 VDC regulator topower the electronics. In the exemplary circuit board shown, the RFIDtag part number is also shown. Other functionalities of a circuit boardare described herein.

FIGS. 27A through 27G schematically depict a UV device mountable to theceiling or wall of a room. As one of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate the UV device can also be mounted to a ceiling of anappropriately sized container. In this particular embodiment, UV lampsare arranged in UV lamp clusters. More specifically, five UV lampclusters are shown, one stationary UV lamp cluster and four retrievableUV lamp clusters each comprising three UV lamps 5. The UV device shownmay be referred to as UV light box. In the embodiment shown, the UVdevice comprises (i) UV lamps, 5, (ii) a light box, 79, comprising aback wall, 80, (iii) a hinge or UV lamp module swing, 81, (iv) a UV lampholder, and (v) a UV lamp head connector, 83, for connecting the UVlamps. FIG. 27A shows a perspective view of the UV light box with the UVlamps in an exposed position. FIG. 27B shows a bottom view of the UVlight box with the UV lamps in a closed position. FIG. 27C shows a backview of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an exposed position. FIG.27D shows a side view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in anexposed position. FIG. 27E shows a top view of the UV light box with theUV lamps in an exposed position. FIG. 27F shows a front view of the UVlight box with the UV lamps in an exposed position. FIG. 27G shows abottom view of the UV light box with the UV lamps in an exposedposition.

FIGS. 28A through 28H schematically depict details of an embodiment of aUV device of the present invention.

FIG. 28A schematically depicts a front view of an embodiment of a UVdevice of the present invention, wherein the UV light source isretracted in a housing. Housing 2, base plate 10, central sleeve 12,hanging hook 84, on/off/reset button 85, central sleeve tightening knob86, translucent plastic ring 87, metal disc 89, power cord 90, handle91, handle cap 92, metal sleeve attachment ring 95, power supply accessplate 97, optical switch 98. In this embodiment, the power supply accessplate is attached to the central sleeve by six screws.

FIG. 28B schematically depicts a top view of an embodiment of a UVdevice of the present invention, wherein the UV light source isretracted in a housing. Base plate 10, hanging hook 84, on/off/resetbutton 85, central sleeve tightening knob 86, power cord 90, metalsleeve attachment ring 95.

FIG. 28C schematically depicts a bottom view of an embodiment of a UVdevice of the present invention, wherein the UV light source isretracted in a housing. Housing 2, UV lamp 5, base plate 10, centralsleeve 12, stopping plate 88.

FIG. 28D schematically depicts a front view of an embodiment of a UVdevice of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is releasedfrom a housing. Housing 2, UV lamp 5, base plate 10, central sleeve 12,hanging hook 84, on/off/reset button 85, central sleeve tightening knob86, translucent plastic ring 87, metal disc 89, power cord 90, handle91, handle cap 92, UV lamp socket/adaptor 94, metal sleeve attachmentring 95, power supply access plate 97, optical switch 98. In thisembodiment, the power supply access plate is attached to the centralsleeve by six screws.

FIG. 28E schematically depicts a detail of an embodiment of a UV deviceof the present invention, wherein a cover of a central sleeve (powersupply access plate 97) is opened to show inner compartments of thecentral sleeve 12 harboring, among others, a circuit board 103 and aballast/power supply 96. Housing 2, central sleeve 12, central sleevetightening knob 86, translucent plastic ring 87, metal disc 89, powercord 90, handle 91, handle cap 92, metal sleeve attachment ring 95,power supply 96, power supply access plate 97, optical switch 98,circuit board cavity 99, power supply cavity 100, AC to DC powerconverter 101, electronic component 102, circuit board (microcontroller) 103, connector and wires (to e.g., LED, optical switch,acoustic speaker) 104, connector and wires to UV light source (e.g., UVlamp 5) 105, connector and wires to power supply 106.

FIG. 28F schematically depicts an upper side view of a detail of anembodiment of a UV device of the present invention, wherein the UV lightsource is retracted in a housing. Housing 2, base plate 10, centralsleeve 12, hanging hook 84, on/off/reset button 85, central sleevetightening knob 86, metal disc 89, power cord 90, handle 91, handle cap92, metal sleeve attachment ring 95.

FIG. 28G schematically depicts a side view of an embodiment of a UVdevice of the present invention, wherein the UV light source is releasedfrom a housing. Housing 2, UV lamp 5, base plate 10, central sleeve 12,UV lamp socket/adaptor 94.

FIG. 28H schematically depicts a UV light source, here a longitudinal UVlight bulb. UV lamp 5, pins for UV lamp 93.

FIG. 29A schematically depicts an embodiment of a UV device of thepresent invention positioned on top of a container 4 having a lid 29,wherein the central sleeve 12 of the UV device shown in FIGS. 28A, D-Ghas been moved downwardly through an opening in the lid 29 into thecontainer 4. Housing 2, container 4, base plate 10, lid 29, hanging hook84, on/off/reset button 85, central sleeve tightening knob 86,translucent plastic ring 87, metal disc 89, power cord 90, handle 91,handle cap 92, metal sleeve attachment ring 95, container support stand115.

FIG. 29B schematically depicts an embodiment of a UV device of thepresent invention positioned on top of a container 4 having a lid 29,wherein the central sleeve 12 of the UV device shown in FIGS. 28A, D-Ghas been moved downwardly through an opening in the lid 29 into thecontainer 4 and wherein the UV light source has been released from thehousing 2. Housing 2, container 4, UV lamp 5, base plate 10, lid 29,hanging hook 84, on/off/reset button 85, central sleeve tightening knob86, translucent plastic ring 87, metal disc 89, power cord 90, handle91, handle cap 92, metal sleeve attachment ring 95, container supportstand 115.

FIG. 30 schematically depicts a UV device of the present inventionattached to the top of a container and wherein the UV light source hasbeen inserted through an opening of the container 4 downwardly into thecontainer 4. The UV device shown here comprises a plurality of UV lamps5 arranged in a UV lamp cluster. Housing 2, container 4, UV lamp(s) 5,manhole or port 77, power cord 90, anchor 107, anchor line 108, anchorconnector 109, angled top of container 110, UV lamp cluster line 111.

FIGS. 31A and 31B schematically depict the insertion of a UV lightsource into a container 4 by inserting the UV light source through anopening at the side of the container 4. In FIG. 31A, the UV lamp 5 isshown in the housing 2. In FIG. 31B the UV lamp 5 is released from thehousing 2, The housing 2 slides back on a central sleeve 12. While theUV light source is inserted through an opening at a side of a container,the container itself may be positioned to reside on its side so that theUV light source can be moved inwardly into the container from a bottomposition. In such configuration, as shown in FIGS. 31A and 31B, themovement of the UV light source within the container is upwardly.Alternatively, a container having an opening on a side wall, may bepositioned so that the opening resides on top of the container and theUV light source is inserted into the container and moves downwardly intothe container. Housing 2, container 4, UV lamp 5, base plate 10 (here atripod-like support stand), central sleeve 12, lid 29.

FIG. 32 schematically depicts a UV light source positioned at the bottomof a container 4. The UV light source has been inserted into thecontainer 4 through an opening at the side of the container. Housing 2,container 4, UV lamp 5, base plate 10 (here a tripod-like supportstand), central sleeve 12, lid 29, manhole or port 77, In thisembodiment, the UV light source comprises a plurality of UV lamps 5arranged in a UV lamp cluster. In some embodiments, the central sleeve12 can be extended to permit an upwardly extension and an upwardlypositioning of the UV lamps 5.

FIG. 33 schematically depicts a UV light source attached to a movableobject having wheels. Housing 2, container 4, UV lamp 5, base plate 10(here a simple support stand), central sleeve 12, lid 29, manhole orport 77, movable object 112, horizontal arm 113, wheels 114, supportstand for container 115. In this embodiment, the UV light sourcecomprises a plurality of UV lamps 5 arranged in a UV lamp cluster. Insome embodiments, the central sleeve 12 can be extended to permit anupwardly extension and an upwardly positioning of the UV lamps 5.

FIG. 34A schematically depicts an embodiment of a UV device of thepresent invention, wherein a UV light source is released from a housing2 via a motorized unit 1 and by gravity. Shown to the right is anenlargement of the interface 117 showing buttons for activating (Start)and deactivating (Stop) the UV device. An optional timer shows the timeremaining for completing a sterilization cycle. Motorized unit 1,housing 2, UV lamp 5, power cord 90, handle 91, UV lamp socket/adaptor94, twist lock 116, interface 117, pivot point 118 on housing 2.

FIGS. 34B and 34C schematically depict an attachment of the UV device ofFIG. 34A at the top of a closed container 4 and the insertion of thecentral sleeve 12, housing 2 and UV lamp 5 into the container 4. Housing2, container 4, UV lamp 5, power cord 90, container support stand 115.FIG. 34B, upper, schematically depicts a top view of a 15 feet (15′)container showing a manhole or port 77 through which the UV device canbe inserted. Lines 119 radiating from the manhole or port 77 are steelsupport structures on top of the container. FIG. 34B, lower, shows thehousing 2 being extended into a 90 degree angle position with respect tothe central sleeve 12 FIG. 34C, upper, schematically depicts a top viewof a 20 feet (20′) container showing a manhole or port 77 through whichthe UV device can be inserted. Lines 119 radiating from the manhole orport 77 are steel support structures on top of the container. FIG. 34C,lower, shows the lowering of the UV lamp 5 downwardly into the container4. The distance of lowering the UV lamp 5 towards the bottom of thecontainer (inwardly and downwardly movement) can be calculated to stopshort of the bottom of the shortest container and will be sufficient forthe tallest container as long as the distance to the bottom of thecontainer is smaller than the distance to the furthest wall of thecontainer (FIG. 34B). In a taller wider container, the UV lightirradiation might stop short of reaching an outer wall, but stillsufficient to illuminate the bottom of the container more than the walls(FIG. 34C). The UV device can be configured so that the UV light source(UV lamp 5) can be centered within the container.

FIGS. 35A and 35B schematically depict an embodiment of a UV device ofthe present invention. FIG. 35A depicts a UV light source completelyretracted into the central sleeve 12 of a UV device standing in anupright position on its base plate 10. Motorized unit 1, central sleeve12, handle 91, interface 117. An enlargement of the interface 117showing buttons for up and down movement of the UV lamp and a timer isshown in the upper left part of FIG. 35A.

FIG. 35B schematically depicts the release of the housing 2 and UV lamp5 from the central sleeve 12 by gravity and a motorized unit 1. Attachedto the socket 94 into which the UV lamp 5 is inserted is a guide orrange finding device 20 (here schematically a laser depth guide). Thebroken arrow indicates that the housing 2 can be positioned in an angleranging from about 0 degree to about 90 degrees with respect to thecentral sleeve 12. Housing 2, UV lamp 5, central sleeve 12, guide orrange-finding device 20, UV lamp socket/adaptor 94, pivot point 118within housing 2.

FIGS. 36A-D schematically depict a circuit board used in an embodimentof the present invention, UV device UV55. This circuit board includes anoptical sensor which begins a timer once the unit is inserted into adrum or container. It also controls a small speaker that emits anaudible beep once the cycle has begun and upon completion. It furthercontrols a series of small LED lights that signify at what time point ofthe cycle the UV55 is in and form a rotating pattern once at the 12minutes have elapsed. This indicates completion of the cycle for thelargest container (550 gallon portable tank) the UV55 was intended for.The LED bulbs blinks once intermittently during the first minute, twiceintermittently in the second minute, three times intermittently in thethird minute and so on until the twelfth minute.

FIGS. 37A (side view), 37B and 37C (both bottom views) schematicallydepict a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of the present inventionwherein UV lamps 5 are arranged in a UV lamp cluster and wherein each UVlamp 5 is surrounded by a reflector 32. FIG. 37B schematically depictsan embodiment wherein the reflectors 32 form a contiguous surroundingattached to a central sleeve 12. FIG. 37C schematically depicts anembodiment wherein the reflectors 32 and UV lamps 5 are attached to thehousing 2. Reflectors 32 partially surround a UV lamp 5. Housing 2, UVlamp(s) 5, central sleeve 12, handle 91, interface 117, reflector(s) 32.

FIGS. 38A (first side view) and 38B (second side view) schematicallydepict a non-limiting embodiment of a UV device of the presentinvention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM1. Motorized unit 1,housing 2; mounting bracket 3, UV lamp 5; frame 6, having a first sideand a second side; cable 7; spring 43; reel assembly 54; reel assemblyflanges 59; cross member support bars(s) 71; handle 91; UV lampsocket/adaptor 94; first cable guide wheel 120; second cable guide wheel121; openings 122 (within frame 6); first track 124 on first cableguiding wheel 120; cable tightening spring 123. Details of UV device BM1are described herein.

FIGS. 39A-C schematically depict non-limiting dimensions of a UV devicemodel of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device ModelBM1. Parts are as shown for FIGS. 38A and 38B, however, for clarity, notall parts of UV device Model BM1 are shown in FIGS. 39A-C. In someembodiments of UV device Model BM1, the UV device comprises anadditional motor 133 driving its torque perpendicular to its axis.

FIGS. 40A-C schematically depict the release of a UV light source fromthe housing of UV device Model BM1 and the descent of the UV lightsource downwardly into a container (not shown). FIG. 40A schematicallydepicts the UV lamp 5 slightly protruding out of the housing 2 andmoving onto the first track 124 (not shown) of second cable guide wheel121. FIG. 40B schematically depicts the UV lamp 5 having movedcompletely across the first track 124 (not shown) of the second cableguide wheel 121 and being attached to a cable 7 via a UV lampsocket/adaptor 94. FIG. 40C schematically depicts a further downwardlymovement of the UV light source into a container (not shown). Housing 2,mounting bracket 3, UV lamp 5, frame 6, cable 7, reel assembly 54,handle 91, UV lamp socket/adaptor 94, second cable guide wheel 121.Details of UV device BM1 are described herein. Not all parts are shownin figure.

FIG. 41 schematically depicts an attachment of UV device Model BM1 at anopening of a container and the movement of the UV light source from avertical position into a downwardly position within the container. Thecontainer 4, as depicted, has two openings 77, one at the top and one ata bottom side. Housing 2; mounting bracket 3, container 4, UV lamp 5;frame 6; cable 7; reel assembly 54; handle 91; UV lamp socket/adaptor94; second cable guide wheel 121; openings 122 (within frame 6). Detailsof UV device BM1 are described herein. Not all parts are shown infigure.

FIG. 42 schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV deviceof the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM2 inits stowed position, i.e., wherein the UV light source is within itshousing and the UV light source resides on top of the frame. UV deviceModel BM2 comprises a UV lamp cluster of eight (8) UV lamps 5. Motorizedunit 1, housing 2; mounting bracket 3, UV lamps 5; frame 6, having afirst side and a second side; cable 7; cross member support bars(s) 71;UV lamp socket/adaptor 94; openings 122 (within frame 6); box 127; firstcable guide wheel 128 with first track 129; second cable guide wheel 130with second track 131. In this embodiment, cable 7 would insert directlyinto box 127 and connect with a motor and reel assembly. Optionally, UVdevice model BM2 comprises a third cable guide wheel 132. The box 127may harbor a power supply, a circuit board, a reel assembly, a motorizedunit, a LED interface, and other components as described herein. Not allparts are shown in figure. Details of UV device BM2 are describedherein.

FIG. 43 schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV deviceof the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM2 inits docked position, i.e., the housing 2 and UV lamps 5 are moved into afirst vertical position with respect to the frame 6 of the UV device.Parts are as described in FIG. 42. Not all parts are shown in figure.Details of UV device BM2 are described herein.

FIG. 44 schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV deviceof the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM2 inits deployed position, i.e., the UV light source (UV lamps 5) isreleased from the housing 2 and has been moved from the first verticalposition (see FIG. 43) into a second vertical position. The secondvertical position is further downwardly in the container 4 with respectto its first vertical position (see FIG. 43). Parts are as described inFIG. 42. Not all parts are shown in figure. Details of UV device BM2 aredescribed herein.

FIG. 45 schematically depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a UV deviceof the present invention, referred to herein as UV device Model BM2 inits working position, i.e., the UV light source (here a UV lamp clusterof eight (8) UV lamps 5) is released from its attachment at the baseplate. Springs 43, UV lamp socket/adapters 94. Other parts are asdescribed in FIG. 42. Not all parts are shown in figure. Details of UVdevice BM2 are described herein.

FIGS. 46A-E schematically depict various views of a non-limitingembodiment of a UV device of the present invention, referred to hereinas UV device Model BM3 in its deployed position. FIG. 46A, top view;FIG. 46B, right top view; FIG. 46C, lower view; FIG. 46D, front view;FIG. 46E, side view. UV lamp(s) 5, frame 6, central post 16, top plate42, handle 91, wheels 114, pivot 118.

FIGS. 47A-C schematically depict non-limiting dimensions of a UV devicemodel of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device ModelBM3. Parts are as shown for FIGS. 46A-E, however, for clarity, not allparts of UV device Model BM3 are shown in FIGS. 47A-C.

FIGS. 48A-D schematically depict a non-limiting embodiment of a UVdevice of the present invention, referred to herein as UV device ModelBM3 in its working operation. FIG. 48A, the UV device Model BM3 is movedinwardly into a container 4 through an opening 77 at the bottom of thecontainer 4. In this position the UV light source (here a UV lampcluster of eight (8) UV lamps 5) resides on top of frame 6. FIG. 48B,The UV light source is moved from its horizontal position (see FIG. 48A)into a first vertical position within the container 4 via a pivot arm118. FIG. 48C schematically depicts the UV lamps 5 at a deployedposition, wherein the UV lamps 5 are positioned at an angle with respectto each other. FIG. 48D schematically depicts an optional feature of UVdevice Model BM3, wherein the central post 16 can be extended to movethe UV light source from its first vertical position (see FIGS. 48B and48C) upwardly to a second vertical position within the container 4.Container 4, UV lamp(s) 5, frame 6, central post 16, top plate 42,opening 77 of container 4, handle 91, wheels 114, pivot 118. Not allparts of UV device Model BM3 are shown in figure. Description of partsis as in FIGS. 46A-E and as described herein.

FIG. 49 schematically depicts a front view of a system of the presentinvention comprising a case 137, a control box 127, and a transportationrack 140. Also shown are a touchscreen interface 135, a an on/off switch85, a status indicator light/alarm light 136 an emergency shutdownbutton 134, wheels 142 and handrails 138 attached to the control box127. Further shown are power cable 90 and cable 143 connecting thecontrol box 127 with a portable UV device (residing in case 137,however, not visible). Fastening brackets 139 are attached to thetransportation rack 140. Fastenings 141 hold the case 137 and controlbox 127 in place during transportation or when system is not in use.Details of individual parts and components are described herein.

FIG. 50 schematically depicts a rear view of a system of the presentinvention comprising a case 137 (a portable UV device residing therein,however, not visible), a control box 127, and a transportation rack 140.Parts and components are as in FIG. 49.

FIG. 51 schematically depicts a front view of a system of the presentinvention comprising a portable UV device (Model UVT-4) 144, case 137,and a control box 127. Case 137 is open to show portable UV device 144.Also shown is extension spring 165, a second anchoring post 168 adaptedto have a carrying handle at its end, and a UV sensor 154. UV lightsources 5 and housings 2 surrounding the UV light sources 5. In thisexemplary embodiment of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family of UVdevices, the housing 2 is a see-through housing; thus, housing 2 and UVlight source 5 are indicated in this and the following drawing, (FIGS.52-61 and 63-67) by 2, 5. Other parts and components are as in FIGS. 49and 50. Further details of UV device 144 are shown in the followingdrawings.

FIG. 52 schematically depicts a top rear view of a member of the UVT-4family of portable UV devices. The following parts and components areindicated: housing 2 and UV light source/UV lamp 5 (2,5), mountingbracket 3, rope or cable 7, UV lamp sockets/adapters 94, cable 143connecting portable UV device with control box 127 (not visible), case137, lower frame 146, first upper frame end 147, first lower frame end148, bracket tightening knob 149, first rope post 150, second rope post151, second upper frame end 152, second lower frame end 153, UV sensor154, protective rods 155, cross connector 156 on upper frame, upperframe fixture clip 157, second hinge 174, T-shaped cap 175. Details ofindividual parts and components are described herein.

FIG. 53 schematically depicts a side view of the top rear of a member ofthe UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Parts and components are as inFIGS. 51 and 52. In addition, bulb clamps 176, held in place by T-shapedcap 175, are shown. Details of individual parts and components aredescribed herein.

FIG. 54 schematically depicts a view of the top front of a member of theUVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Parts and components are as inFIGS. 51-53. In addition, wheels 114, first hinge 145, stop posts 159,cables 160 activating UV light sources/U lamps 5, side plate spacer 161,first side plate 162, and second side plate 163 are shown. Details ofindividual parts and components are described herein.

FIG. 55 schematically depicts a top view of the front end of a member ofthe UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Parts and components are as inFIGS. 51-54. In addition, a cross connector 164, connected to the lowerframe 146, is shown. Details of individual parts and components aredescribed herein.

FIG. 56 schematically depicts movably and inwardly inserting a member ofthe UVT-4 family of portable UV devices through an opening 77 of acontainer 4 into a container 4. Parts and components are as in FIGS.51-55. In addition, openings 166 within a cross connector 164 of thelower frame 146 are shown. Openings 166 through which not already ahousing/UV light source 2,5 is guided through may accommodate anadditional housing/UV light source. Also shown are fasteners 177 movablyconnecting the upper frame to the lower frame and adapted to permit“swinging” of the upper frame and UV light source(s) attached theretointo an angular position with respect to the position of the lower frame146 and the UV light source(s) attached thereto. Details of individualparts and components are described herein.

FIG. 57 schematically depicts movably and inwardly inserting a member ofthe UVT-4 family of portable UV devices through an opening 77 of acontainer 4 into a container 4. Parts and components are as in FIGS.51-56. The portable UV device has been further inserted through theopening 77 as compared to FIG. 56. In addition, a second hook 179 of theextension spring 165 and the position of a first anchoring post 167 forextension spring 165 where the first end 178 of the extension spring 165is connected to cable 158 (further described herein) are shown. Detailsof individual parts and components are described herein.

FIG. 58 schematically depicts movably and inwardly inserting a member ofthe UVT-4 family of portable UV devices through an opening 77 of acontainer 4 into a container 4. The UV device is shown further insertedinto the container as in FIG. 57. Parts and components are as in FIGS.51-57. Details of individual parts and components are described herein.

FIG. 59 schematically depicts temporarily attaching a member of theUVT-4 family of portable UV devices at an opening 77 of a container 4.The portable UV device has been further inserted through the opening 77as compared to FIG. 58. Parts and components are as in FIGS. 51-58.Cable 143 connects the portable UV device with the control box 127 (notshown in figure) Details of individual parts and components aredescribed herein.

FIG. 60 schematically depicts moving the upper frame of a member of theUVT-4 family of portable UV devices into an angular position withrespect to the position of the lower frame 146. Parts and components areas in FIGS. 51-59. In addition, a first cable guide wheel 128 for ropeor cable 7, and a rope or cable anchoring point 170 at the first upperframe end 147, are shown. Details of individual parts and components aredescribed herein.

FIG. 61 schematically depicts a member of the UVT-4 family of portableUV devices positioned on the bottom surface of a container 4. The upperframe and the UV light sources attached thereto have moved from ahorizontal position into a perpendicular/vertical position with respectto the lower frame 146 and the UV light sources attached to the lowerframe 146. Parts and components are as in FIGS. 51-60. Details ofindividual parts and components are described herein.

FIG. 62 schematically depicts an extension tool for manually moving aportable UV device within a large container, large room, or largedefined environment without a user having to crawl into or be in thatlarge container, large room or large defined environment. The exemplaryextension tool depicted comprises wheels 114, a top plate 171, a baseplate 172 and an extension rod 173. Details of individual parts andcomponents are described herein.

FIG. 63 schematically depicts an extension tool attached to a UV deviceof the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. As shown, the extension toolis connected to the portable UV device through the mounting bracket 3and bracket tightening know 149 fastens the mounting bracket 3 to thetop plate 171 of the extension tool. Both the extension tool and the UVdevice are shown to be inserted movably and inwardly into a container 4through opening 77 (on side wall of container). Parts and components areas in FIGS. 51-62. Details of individual parts and components aredescribed herein.

FIG. 64 schematically depicts an extension tool attached to a UV deviceof the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Both the extension tool andthe UV device are shown to be positioned on the bottom surface of acontainer 4 close to the opening 77 of the container 4. A second hinge174 movably connecting the lower frame 146 to the mounting bracket 3 isadapted to position the extension tool into an angular position withrespect to the lower frame of the UV device. Parts and components are asin FIGS. 51-63. Details of individual parts and components are describedherein.

FIG. 65 schematically depicts an extension tool attached to a UV deviceof the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices. Both the extension tool andthe UV device are shown to be positioned on the bottom surface of acontainer 4. The extension tool is used to manually move the portable UVdevice into a desired position within a container 4, here into themiddle part of the container 4. A second hinge 174 is adapted toposition the extension tool from an angular position with respect to thelower frame of the UV device shown in FIG. 64 into a horizontal position(same as lower frame). Parts and components are as in FIGS. 51-64.Details of individual parts and components are described herein.

FIG. 66 schematically depicts an upper frame (on top) and a lower frame(on bottom) of a UV device of the UVT-4 family of potable UV devices,with parts and components attached thereto or to be attached thereto.Parts and components are as in FIGS. 51-65, although some are shown witha different configuration. In addition, a T-shaped cap 175 is shown tokeep bulb clamps 176 in place. With respect to the upper frame, thefigure shows the position to which the first hinge 145 and cable 158 areattached. With respect to both upper and lower frame, the figure showswhere fasteners 177 are used to movably connect the upper frame to thelower frame. This exemplary embodiment, in comparison to the ones shownin FIGS. 51-61 and 63-65 shows only two protective rods 155 on the upperframe (vs. four) and smaller and differently configured cross connectors156. Also, carrying handle 91 and second anchoring post 168 forextension spring 165, have a different configuration. Thus, one ofordinary skill in the art will appreciate that individual parts of aportable UV device described herein can be configured differently andstill serve the function(s) as described herein. Details of individualparts and components are described herein.

FIG. 67 schematically depicts a close-up showing attachment of the firsthinge 145 to the upper frame and the movably connection of the upperframe to the lower frame 146 by fasteners 177. Cable 158 (not shown) isattached to the first hinge 145, runs through a cable guide 180 on thefirst hinge 145 and is locked in position at a cable anchoring point182. Parts and components are as described in FIGS. 51-66. Details ofindividual parts and components are described herein.

FIGS. 68A, 68B, and 68C schematically depict parts of an interior layoutof an exemplary control box 127 for use in connection with a portable UVdevice. The following components of an exemplary layout are shown: L1:Input Line 1; L2: Input Line 2; F1: Fuse 1; F2: Fuse 2; 3KVA, 460 VAC,Primary: single phase transformer input; Secondary 230 VAC: single phasetransformer output; Phase 1 red: color coded wire (red); Phase 2 blue:color coded wire (blue); E. STOP #1 NC Maintain: Emergency Stop (alsoEstopl); F3, F4, F5: 5 Amp fuses; Zcon: integrated control system forlamps from ZED; PLCO/0.0, PLC 0: 0/1, PLC 0: 0.2: Programmable logiccontroller output; 230 VAC to 24 VDC TONS: Power supply; PLC CMO:Programmable logic controller input; 24 VDC Transformer: Transformer;PLC power in: Programmable logic controller power input; Touch Screenpower in: Touch Screen power input; PLC CM1, PLC CM2: Programmable logiccontroller input 1 and 2; 1, 2, 3, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17: lines input tolamps (Lamps A, B, C, and D); black, blue, brown, white: color codedwires going into “pig tail connector” (corresponding to cable 143connecting the control box with the portable UV device), ballast cordwires; RS485: communication cable; 24 VDC+: lamp activationindicator/pigtail connection loop; Shielded cable 18 g: shielded cable18 gauge wire; Ground #26: ground wire; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12:lines output to lamps; black, red, white, green: color coded wires.Details of individual parts and components are described herein.

FIG. 69A depicts a data set for a comparative trial testing efficaciesof steam, PAA, and UVC sanitizing methods on reduction of totalmicrobial loads on interior surfaces of stainless steel tanks. The dataset includes a description of all four sanitation treatment methodsperformed on interior of stainless steel tanks; the tank number; thesites sampled on each tank (ceiling, wall, and floor); the totalmicrobial load (includes yeast, bacteria, and mold) determined prior toeach treatment; the total microbial load determined after eachtreatment; the percent CFU reduction in microbe populations afterapplication of sanitizer; and the Log₁₀ reduction in microbe populationsafter application of sanitizer. Details are described in Example 10.

FIG. 69B schematically depicts the effect of sanitizing interior oftanks with steam, PAA, and UVC on the survivability of microbialpopulations on ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank. Treatment withcaustic and PAA was performed twice: once in comparison to steamtreatment and once in comparison to UVC treatment. Microbe survival isrepresented as Log₁₀ CFU. Details are described in Example 10.

FIG. 69C depicts a data set showing the percent CFU reduction inmicrobes on ceiling, wall, and floor of stainless steel tanks afterapplication of the various sanitizer methods as indicated. Details aredescribed in Example 10.

FIG. 69D depicts a data set showing the Log₁₀ reduction in microbes onceiling, wall, and floor of stainless steel tanks after application ofthe various sanitizer methods as indicated. Details are described inExample 10.

FIG. 70 A depicts the complete data set for a comparative study testingthe efficiency of chlorine dioxide (ozone) and UVC (UVT-4 Model)sanitizing methods as detailed in Example 11. The data set includes adescription of all ten treatments performed on interior of stainlesssteel tanks, the tank number, the tank size, and the tank shape used foreach treatment, the sites sampled on each tank (ceiling, wall, andfloor), the total microbial load (includes yeast, bacteria, and mold)determined prior to each treatment, the total microbial load determinedafter each treatment, and the Log₁₀ reduction in microbe populationsafter application of sanitizer.

FIG. 70B schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminatedshort wide stainless steel tanks after cleaning and then sanitizing witheither chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks 63 and 64). Detailsare described in Example 11.

FIG. 70C depicts Log₁₀ reduction of microbe populations on short widestainless steel tanks after application of cleaner and then sanitizingwith either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model). Details are describedin Example 11.

FIG. 70D schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminated tallthin stainless steel tanks after cleaning and then sanitizing witheither chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks 67 and 68). Detailsare described in Example 11.

FIG. 70E depicts Log₁₀ reduction of microbe populations on tall thinstainless steel tanks after application of cleaner and then sanitizingwith either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model). Details are describedin Example 11.

FIG. 70F schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminatedshort wide stainless steel tanks after water rinsing and then sanitizingwith either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks 65 and 66).Details are described in Example 11.

FIG. 70G depicts Log₁₀ reduction of microbe populations on short widestainless steel tanks after application of water rinse and thensanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model). Detailsare described in Example 11.

FIG. 70H schematically depicts survival of microbes on contaminated tallthin stainless steel tanks after water rinsing and then sanitizing witheither chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model) (tanks 69 and 57). Detailsare described in Example 11.

FIG. 70I depicts Log₁₀ reduction of microbe populations on tall thinstainless steel tanks after application of water rinse and thensanitizing with either chlorine dioxide or UVC (UVT-4 Model). Detailsare described in Example 11.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION I. Definitions

Throughout the present specification and the accompanying claims thewords “comprise” and “include” and variations thereof, such as“comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and “including” are to beinterpreted inclusively. That is, these words are intended to convey thepossible inclusion of other elements or integers not specificallyrecited, where the context allows. No language in the specificationshould be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential tothe practice of the invention.

The terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents used in thecontext of describing the invention (especially in the context of thefollowing claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and theplural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted bycontext.

Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as ashorthand method of referring individually to each separate valuefalling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, eachindividual value is incorporated into the specification as if it wereindividually recited herein. Ranges may be expressed herein as from“about” (or “approximate”) one particular value, and/or to “about” (or“approximate”) another particular value. When such a range is expressed,another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to theother particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed asapproximations, by use of the antecedent “about” or “approximate” itwill be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment.It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the rangesare significant both in relation to the other endpoint, andindependently of the other endpoint. It is also understood that thereare a number of values disclosed herein, and that each value is alsoherein disclosed as “about” that particular value in addition to thevalue itself. For example, if the value “10” is disclosed, then “about10” is also disclosed. It is also understood that when a value isdisclosed that is “less than or equal to the value” or “greater than orequal to the value” possible ranges between these values are alsodisclosed, as appropriately understood by the skilled artisan. Forexample, if the value “10” is disclosed, the “less than or equal to 10”as well as “greater than or equal to 10” is also disclosed.

All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable orderunless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted bycontext. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g.,“such as” or “e.g.,” or “for example”) provided herein is intendedmerely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitationon the scope of the invention otherwise claimed.

Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the inventiondisclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each groupmember may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combinationwith other members of the group or other elements found herein. It isanticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, ordeleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability.When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is hereindeemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the writtendescription of all Markush groups used in the appended claims.

The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and arenot meant to be used to limit the scope of the description or theclaims, which can be had by reference to the specification as a whole.Accordingly, the terms defined immediately below are more fully definedby reference to the specification in its entirety.

Illustrations are for the purpose of describing a preferred embodimentof the invention and are not intended to limit the invention thereto.

The abbreviations used herein have their conventional meaning within themechanical, chemical, and biological arts.

As used herein, the term “about” refers to a range of values of plus orminus 10% of a specified value. For example, the phrase “about 200”includes plus or minus 10% of 200, or from 180 to 220, unless clearlycontradicted by context.

As used herein, the terms “amount effective” or “effective amount” meanan amount, which produces a desired effect, such as a biological effect.In particular, an effective amount of a UV dosage is an amount, whichinhibits the growth of a microorganism by at least 90% (by at least 1log reduction), by at least 99% (by at least 2 log reduction), by atleast 99.9% (by at least 3 log reduction), by at least 99.99% (by atleast 4 log reduction), by at least 99.999% (at least 5 log reduction),or by at least 99.9999% (at least 6 log reduction).

As used herein, the terms “connect to,” connected to,” “attach to” or“attached to” or grammatical equivalents thereof mean to fasten on, tofasten together, to affix to, to mount to, mount on, to connect to, tojoin, to position onto, to position into, to place onto, or to placeinto. “Attachment” means the act of attaching or the condition of beingattached. Attachment can be direct or indirectly. For example a part Amay be attached directly to part B. Alternatively, part A may beattached indirectly to part B through first attaching part A to part Cand then attaching part C to part B. More than one intermediary part canbe used to attach part A to part B. Attaching can be permanent,temporarily, or for a prolonged time. For example, a UV device of thepresent invention may be attached to a container temporarily for thetime necessary to perform a method of the invention. Alternatively, a UVdevice of the present invention may be attached to a container or to anobject or structure in a room, a space or a defined environment for aprolonged time, e.g., also when a method of the present invention is notperformed. Also, a UV device of the present invention may be attachedpermanently to a container or to an object or structure in a room, aspace or a defined environment.

The terms “container,” “vessel,” or “tank” are used interchangeablyherein.

As used herein, the terms “germicidal lamp” or “germicidal UV lamp”refer to a type of lamp, which produces ultraviolet (UV) light.Short-wave UV light disrupts DNA base pairing causing thymine-thyminedimers leading to death of bacteria and other microorganisms on exposedsurfaces.

As used herein, the terms “inhibiting the growth of a microorganism,”“inhibiting the growth of a population of microorganisms,” “inhibitingthe growth of one or more species of microorganisms” or grammaticalequivalents thereof refer to inhibiting the replication of one or moremicroorganisms and may include destruction of the microorganism(s).Assays for determining inhibiting the growth of a microorganism areknown in the art and are described herein.

As used herein, the terms “microorganism” or “microbe” comprise adiverse group of microscopic organisms, including, but not limited to,bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and protists.

The terms “optional” or “optionally” as used throughout thespecification means that the subsequently described event orcircumstance may but need not occur, and that the description includesinstances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in whichit does not. The terms also refer to a subsequently describedcomposition that may but need not be present, and that the descriptionincludes instances where the composition is present and instances inwhich the composition is not present.

As used herein, the term “portable” in the context of a UV device refersto a UV device of the present invention that can be carried by a personand that can be temporarily (e.g., for the duration of a sanitizationcycle) attached to a container, a room, a space, or a definedenvironment.

As used herein, the term “radiation” or grammatical equivalents refer toenergy, which may be selectively applied, including energy having awavelength of between 10¹⁴ and 10⁴ meters including, for example,electron beam radiation, gamma radiation, x-ray radiation, light such asultraviolet (UV) light, visible light, and infrared light, microwaveradiation, and radio waves. A preferred radiation is UV light radiation.“Irradiation” refers to the application of radiation to a surface.

As used herein, the terms “sterile” or “sterilization” and grammaticalequivalents thereof refer to an environment or an object, which is freeor which is made free of detectable living cells, viable spores,viruses, and other microorganisms. Sometimes the process ofsterilization is also referred herein to as “disinfection” or“sanitization.”

As used herein the term “ultraviolet” and the abbreviation “UV” refer toelectromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than the wavelengthsof visible light and longer than those of X-rays. The UV part of thelight spectrum is situated beyond the visible spectrum at its violetend.

As used herein, the abbreviation “UV-A” refers to ultraviolet light inthe range of 315-400 nanometers (nm).

As used herein, the abbreviation “UV-B” refers to ultraviolet light inthe range of 280-315 nanometers (nm).

As used herein, the abbreviation “UV-C” refers to ultraviolet light inthe range of 200-280 nanometers (nm).

As used herein, the term “UV dose” refers to an amount of UV irradiationabsorbed by an exposed population of microbes, typically in units ofmJ/cm² (mJ/cm²=1,000 μW/cm² per second).

As used herein, the terms “UV intensity” or “UV irradiance” refer to theirradiance field of a UV germicidal irradiation system (such as a UVlight source described herein), i.e., the total radiant energy incidenton a surface from all directions. It is measured in μW/cm² at 1 m. TheUV intensity greatly depends on the distance from the UV emitter and thetransmittance of the medium.

As used herein, the terms “ultraviolet radiation” or “UV radiation”refer to radiation having a wave-length or wavelengths between from 160to 400 nm. If a range is specified, a narrower range of radiation ismeant within the 160 to 400 nm range. The range specified, unlessotherwise indicated, means radiation having a wavelength or wavelengthswithin this specified range.

In the following description it is to understood that terms such as“forward,” “rearward,” “front,” “back,” “right,” “left,” upward,”“downward,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,”“angular,” “first,” “second” and the like are words of convenience andare not to be construed as limiting terms.

The present invention generally relates to compositions, systems andmethods for ultraviolet (UV) sterilization, and more specifically, tocompositions, systems and methods for UV sterilization of a container,and more particularly to compositions, systems and methods for UVsterilization of a container used in the process of fermentation for analcoholic beverage. A system as described herein comprises a UV deviceand a container.

II. Uv Devices

The present invention describes a variety of UV devices, in particular,portable UV devices. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UVdevice is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 1, 2 or 3. In some embodimentsof the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.4. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UVdevice as depicted in FIG. 5. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 4. In someembodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device asdepicted in FIG. 6 or 7. In some embodiments of the present invention, aUV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 8 or 9. In some embodimentsof the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.10. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UVdevice as depicted in FIG. 11. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 12. In someembodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device asdepicted in FIG. 13. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UVdevice is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 14 or 15. In some embodimentsof the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.16. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UVdevice as depicted in FIG. 19. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 20. In someembodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device asdepicted in FIGS. 21-25. In some embodiments of the present invention, aUV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 27. In some embodiments ofthe present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.28. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UVdevice as depicted in FIG. 29. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 30. In someembodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device asdepicted in FIG. 31. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UVdevice is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 32. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 33. Insome embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device asdepicted in FIG. 34. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UVdevice is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 35. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 37. Insome embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device asdepicted in FIGS. 38A and 38B. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIGS. 39A-C. Insome embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device asdepicted in FIGS. 40A-C. In some embodiments of the present invention, aUV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 42. In some embodiments ofthe present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.43. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UVdevice as depicted in FIG. 44. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 45. In someembodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV device asdepicted in FIGS. 46A-E. In some embodiments of the present invention, aUV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 47A-C. In some embodimentsof the present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted inFIGS. 51-61, 63, and 65. In some embodiments of the present invention, aUV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG. 66. In some embodiments ofthe present invention, a UV device is a UV device as depicted in FIG.67. UV devices depicted in FIGS. 1-16, 19-25, 27-35, 37-48, 51-61, 63,and 65-67 are portable UV devices.

UV light sources of the present invention are adapted to include pulsedUV light sources and continuous wavelength mode UV light sources. Insome embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is a pulsedUV light source. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UVlight source is a continuous wavelength mode UV light source.

A UV device comprises a UV light source, also referred to as UV lamp.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light sourcecomprises a lamp selected from the group consisting of a low pressuremercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercurylamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure short arcxenon lamp, a medium pressure short arc xenon lamp, a high pressureshort arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure short arc xenon lamp, a lowpressure long arc xenon lamp, a medium pressure long arc xenon lamp, ahigh pressure long arc xenon lamp, an ultra-high pressure long arc xenonlamp, a low pressure metal halide lamp, a medium pressure metal halidelamp, a high pressure metal halide lamp, an ultra-high pressure metalhalide lamp, a tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen lamp, a quartziodine lamp, a sodium lamp, and an incandescent lamp.

Notably, any number of UV lamps including low pressure, medium pressure,high pressure, and ultra-high pressure lamps, which are made of variousmaterials, e.g., most commonly mercury (Hg) can be used with the systemconfiguration according to the present invention and in the methodsdescribed herein.

In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present inventioncomprises a low pressure mercury lamp. In some embodiments, a UV lightsource of the present invention comprises a medium pressure mercurylamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present inventioncomprises a high pressure mercury lamp. In some embodiments, a UV lightsource of the present invention comprises an ultra-high pressure mercurylamp. Such mercury lamps are known in the art and are commerciallyavailable, e.g., Steril Aire Model SE series UVC

In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present inventioncomprises a low pressure short arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UVlight source of the present invention comprises a medium pressure shortarc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the presentinvention comprises a high pressure short arc xenon lamp. In someembodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises anultra-high pressure short arc xenon lamp. Short arc xenon lamps areknown in the art and are commercially available, e.g., Ushio#5000371-UXL-75XE Xenon Short Arc Lamp.

In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present inventioncomprises a low pressure long arc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UVlight source of the present invention comprises a medium pressure longarc xenon lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the presentinvention comprises a high pressure long arc xenon lamp. In someembodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises anultra-high pressure long arc xenon lamp. Long arc xenon lamps are knownin the art and are commercially available, e.g., Lumi-Max XLA1500 W LongArc Xenon Lamp.

In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present inventioncomprises a low pressure metal halide lamp. In some embodiments, a UVlight source of the present invention comprises a medium pressure metalhalide lamp. In some embodiments, a UV light source of the presentinvention comprises a high pressure metal halide lamp. In someembodiments, a UV light source of the present invention comprises anultra-high pressure metal halide lamp. Metal halide lamps are known inthe art and are commercially available, e.g., Venture Lighting productnumber 32519, open rated 175 watt probe start lamp.

In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present inventioncomprises a halogen lamp. A halogen lamp includes, but is not limited toa tungsten halogen lamp, a quartz halogen lamp and a quartz iodine lamp.Halogen lamps are known in the art and are commercially available, e.g.,General Electric model 16751.

In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present inventioncomprises a sodium lamp. A sodium lamp includes, but is not limited to ahigh pressure sodium lamp. Sodium lamps are known in the art and arecommercially available, e.g., General Electric ED18, 400 W, highpressure sodium lamp.

In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present inventioncomprises an incandescent lamp. An incandescent lamp includes, but isnot limited to an electric light filament lamp. Incandescent lamps areknown in the art and are commercially available, e.g., Philips 60-WattHousehold Incandescent Light Bulb.

In some embodiments, a UV light source of the present inventioncomprises a light emitting diode (LED) or a solid state light emittingdevice, including, but not limited to a semiconductor laser. LEDs areknown in the art and are commercially available, e.g., Model L-A3 WEnergy Efficient UV 110V LED Spot light from Battery Junction.

Additionally, spectral calibration lamps, electrodeless lamps, and thelike can be used.

A. Germicidal UV Light Source

Ultraviolet (UV) light is classified into three wavelength ranges: UV-C,from about 200 nanometers (nm) to about 280 nm; UV-B, from about 280 nmto about 315 nm; and UV-A, from about 315 nm to about 400 nm. Generally,UV light, and in particular, UV-C light is “germicidal,” i.e., itdeactivates the DNA of microorganism, such as bacteria, viruses andother pathogens and thus, destroys their ability to multiply and causedisease, effectively resulting in sterilization of the microorganisms.While susceptibility to UV light varies, exposure to UV energy for about20 to about 34 milliwatt-seconds/cm² is adequate to deactivateapproximately 99 percent of the pathogens. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, a UV light source is a germicidal UV light source. AUV light source, also referred to herein as UV lamp, is indicated in thedrawings and respective legends as 5.

In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, the UVlight source is a germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments of aUV device of the present invention, the UV light source is a UV-C lightsource. In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, theUV light source is a UV-B light source. In some embodiments of a UVdevice of the present invention, the UV light source is a UV-A lightsource.

In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV lightsource comprises one UV lamp. In some embodiments of a UV device of thepresent invention, a UV light source comprises one or more UV lamps. Ifa UV light source comprises more than one UV lamp, e.g., two, three,four, five, six, seven, eight or more UV lamps, it is also referred toas a “UV lamp cluster,” “UV cluster” “UV lamp assembly” or “UVassembly.”

1. Pulsed Germicidal UV Light Source

In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lightsource is a pulsed germicidal UV light source. Pulsed UV light iscomposed of a wide spectrum of light ranging from the UV region to theinfrared (Wang and MacGregor, 2005, Water Research 39(13):2921-25). Alarge portion of the spectrum lies below 400 nm and as such hasgermicidal properties. Pulsed UV light has proven equally if not moreeffective (same sterilization levels achieved more rapidly) atsterilizing surfaces when compared with traditional germicidal UV-Clights (Bohrerova et al., 2008, Water Research 42(12):2975-2982). In apulsed UV system, UV-light is pulsed several times per second, eachpulse lasting between 100 ns (nanosecond) and 2 ms (millisecond). Anadditional advantage of a pulsed UV light system is that it obviates theneed for the toxic heavy metal mercury, which is used in traditionalgermicidal UV lamps. A pulsed UV system requires less power than amercury UV lamp and as such, is more economical.

The peak intensity of a pulsed UV lamp is typically one to two orders ofmagnitude higher than that of a mercury UV lamp of similar wattage.These high peak energies are achieved by storing energy in the highvoltage storage capacitor and releasing this energy in a very shortburst through the flash lamp. Pulse widths of 10 μs (microsecond) to 300μs are common in today's industrial flashlamp systems. Peak energylevels range from 300 kilowatts to over a megawatt. (Kent Kipling XenonCorporation Wilmington, Mass.). Sterilization is achieved because theintensity of the light produced by the pulsed lamp is greater than thatof conventional UV-C lamps. Further, pulsed UV achieves sterilizationvia the rupture and disintegration of micro-organisms caused byoverheating following absorption UV photons emitted in the light pulse(Wekhof et al., “Pulsed UV Disintegration (PUVD): a new sterilizationmechanism for packaging and broad medical-hospital applications.” TheFirst International Conference on Ultraviolet Technologies. Jun. 14-16,2001; Washington, D.C., USA).

2. Low Pressure UV Lamp

In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lightsource is a low pressure UV lamp. Low-pressure UV lamps are very similarto a fluorescent lamp, with a wavelength of 253.7 nm. Low pressure lampsare most effective, because they emit most of the radiant energy in thegermicidal wavelength of 253.7 nm also known as the UV-C part of thespectrum. This is why low pressure lamps are mostly used in germicidalUV applications. The most common form of germicidal lamp looks similarto an ordinary fluorescent lamp but the tube contains no fluorescentphosphor. In addition, rather than being made of ordinary borosilicateglass, the tube is made of fused quartz. These two changes combine toallow the 253.7 nm UV light produced by the mercury arc to pass out ofthe lamp unmodified (whereas, in common fluorescent lamps, it causes thephosphor to fluoresce, producing visible light). Germicidal lamps stillproduce a small amount of visible light due to other mercury radiationbands. In some embodiments, a low pressure UV lamp looks like anincandescent lamp but with the envelope containing a few droplets ofmercury. In this design, the incandescent filament heats the mercury,producing a vapor which eventually allows an arc to be struck, shortcircuiting the incandescent filament. Some low pressure lamps are shownin FIG. 17. Each of those low pressure UV lamp can be used in thepresent invention.

Preferred UV lamps for use in a portable UV device are low pressuremercury amalgam bulb supplied by, e.g., Z-E-D Ziegler Electronic DevicesGmbH, D 98704 Langewiesen, Germany (“Z-E-D”) and Heraeus NoblelightFusion UV Inc. 910 Clopper Road Gaithersburg, Md., 20878 USA.

Various UV lamps may be used in the UV devices, systems and methodsdescribed herein. Preferred are UV lamps from Z-E-D. Two of those areparticularly preferred. Both have the same external dimensions of 1500mm length and 32 mm diameter. The lamp current for the less powerfulbulb is 5.0 A, the lamp power is 550 W with a 170 W (at 253.7 nm) UVCoutput, 136 W UVC (at 253.7 nm) output when coated with Teflon. The lifeis 16,000 hours with a 15% loss at 253.7 nm after 12,000 hours. Thesecond more powerful lamp draws a 6.5 A current and has a total outputof 700 W and 200 W UVC (at 253.7 nm). The life is 15,000 hours with a15% loss at 253.7 nm after 12,000 hours. Both are low pressure mercuryamalgam bulbs

3. Medium and High Pressure UV Lamps

In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lightsource is a medium-pressure UV lamp. Medium-pressure UV lamps are muchmore similar to high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps than fluorescentlamps. Medium-pressure UV lamps radiate a broad-band UV-C radiation,rather than a single line. They are widely used in industrial watertreatment, because they are very intense radiation sources. They are asefficient as low-pressure lamps. A medium-pressure lamps typicallyproduces very bright bluish white light. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, a germicidal UV light source is a high pressure UVlamp.

Preferred UV lamps for use in a portable UV device are medium pressuremercury arc lamps provided by, e.g., Baldwin UV limited, 552 FairlieRoad, Trading Estate, Bershire, SL1 4PY, England.

4. Dimensions of Germicidal UV Light Sources

Different sized and shaped UV light sources may be used to practice amethod of the present invention, largely depending on the shape of thecontainer and the desired duration of the sterilization cycle. In someembodiments, a longer and more powerful UV lamp will provide for shorterduration cycles.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV light source is aUV-C lamp of 64″ in length with an output of 190 microwatts/cm² at 254nm (American Air and Water®, Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29926, USA). Otheruseful UV-C lamps for use in the systems and methods of the presentinvention are shown in FIG. 17.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp is ahot cathode germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown in FIG. 17.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp is aslimline germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown in FIG. 17.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp is ahigh output germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown in FIG. 17.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp is acold cathode germicidal UV lamp, examples of which are shown in FIG. 17.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lamp is an18″ single ended low pressure mercury lamp, e.g., as made commerciallyavailable by Steril-Aire.

5. Power Output and UV Intensity of Germicidal UV Light Sources

UV disinfection is a photochemical process. The effectiveness of UV-C isdirectly related to intensity and exposure time. Environmental factors,such as, air flow, humidity, airborne mechanical particles and distanceof microorganism to the UV light source can also affect the performanceof a UV device. While those environmental factors when present make itsomewhat difficult to calculate the effective UV dosage required to killor to inhibit the growth of a microorganism of interest, it has beenshown that UV light will kill or inhibit the growth of any microorganismgiven enough UV dosage.

For UV disinfection and sterilization, the microorganisms present in acontainer or on a surface of a room, a space or defined environment areexposed to a lethal dose of UV energy. UV dose is measured as theproduct of UV light intensity times the exposure time within the UV lamparray. The microorganisms are exposed for a sufficient period of time toa germicidal UV light source in order for the UV rays to penetrate thecellular membrane and breaking down the microorganisms' geneticmaterial. The following tables provide the approximate requiredintensities to kill or growth inhibit (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 100%of microorganisms (American Water & Air® Inc., Hilton Head Island, S.C.29926, USA):

Table 1 provides the approximate required intensities to kill or growthinhibit (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 99% of mold spores (American Water& Air® Inc., Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29926, USA):

Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) in μWs/cm² Needed for KillFactor 90% 99%* Mold Spores (1 log Reduction) (2 log Reduction)Aspergillius flavus 60,000 99,000 Aspergillius glaucus 44,000 88,000Aspergillius niger 132,000 330,000 Mucor racemosus A 17,000 35,200 Mucorracemosus B 17,000 35,200 Oospora lactis 5,000 11,000 Penicilliumexpansum 13,000 22,000 Penicillium roqueforti 13,000 26,400 Penicilliumdigitatum 44,000 88,000 Rhisopus nigricans 111,000 220,000 *it is notedthat American Ultraviolet Company (Lebanon, IN, USA) states that theenergy dosage of UV radiation (UV Dose) shown above to kill 99% of theindicated mold spores, is sufficient to achieve a 100% kill factor ofthe indicated mold spores.

Table 2 provides the approximate required intensities to kill or growthinhibit (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 99% of bacteria (American Water &Air® Inc., Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29926, USA):

Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) in μWs/cm² Needed for KillFactor 90% 99%* Bacteria (1 log Reduction) (2 log Reduction) Bacillusanthracis - Anthrax 4,520 8,700 Bacillus anthracis spores - 24,32046,200 Anthrax spores Bacillus magaterium sp. (spores) 2,730 5,200Bacillus magaterium sp. (veg.) 1,300 2,500 Bacillus paratyphusus 3,2006,100 Bacillus subtilis spores 11,600 22,000 Bacillus subtilis 5,80011,000 Clostridium tetani 13,000 22,000 Corynebacterium diphtheriae3,370 6,510 Ebertelia typhosa 2,140 4,100 Escherichia coli 3,000 6,600Leptospiracanicola - 3,150 6,000 infectious Jaundice Microccocuscandidus 6,050 12,300 Microccocus sphaeroides 1,000 15,400 Mycobacteriumtuberculosis 6,200 10,000 Neisseria catarrhalis 4,400 8,500 Phytomonastumefaciens 4,400 8,000 Proteus vulgaris 3,000 6,600 Pseudomonasaeruginosa 5,500 10,500 Pseudomonas fluorescens 3,500 6,600 Salmonellaenteritidis 4,000 7,600 Salmonela paratyphi - 3,200 6,100 Enteric feverSalmonella typhosa - 2,150 4,100 Typhoid fever Salmonella typhimurium8,000 15,200 Sarcina lutea 19,700 26,400 Serratia marcescens 2,420 6,160Shigella dyseteriae - Dysentery 2,200 4,200 Shigella flexneri -Dysentery 1,700 3,400 Shigella paradysenteriae 1,680 3,400 Spirillumrubrum 4,400 6,160 Staphylococcus albus 1,840 5,720 Staphylococcusaerius 2,600 6,600 Staphylococcus hemolyticus 2,160 5,500 Staphylococcuslactis 6,150 8,800 Streptococcus viridans 2,000 3,800 Vibrio comma -Cholera 3,375 6,500 *it is noted that American Ultraviolet Company(Lebanon, IN, USA) states that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UVDose) shown above to kill 99% of the indicated microorganisms, issufficient to achieve a 100% kill factor of the indicated microorganism.

Table 3 provides the approximate required intensities to kill or growthinhibit (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 99% of protozoa (American Water &Air Inc., Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29926, USA):

Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) in μWs/cm² Needed for KillFactor 90% 99%* Protozoa (1 log Reduction) (2 log Reduction) Chlorellavulgaris (Algae) 13,000 22,000 Nematode Eggs 45,000 92,000 Paramecium11,000 20,000 *it is noted that American Ultraviolet Company (Lebanon,IN, USA) states that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UV Dose) shownabove to kill 99% of the indicated protozoa, is sufficient to achieve a100% kill factor of the indicated protozoa.

Table 4 provides the approximate required intensities to kill or growthinhibit (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 99% of viruses (American Water &Air® Inc., Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29926, USA):

Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) in μWs/cm² Needed for KillFactor 90% 99%* Virus (1 log Reduction) (2 log Reduction)Bacteriophage - E. Coli 2,600 6,600 Infectious Hepatitis 5,800 8,000Influenza 3,400 6,600 Poliovirus - Poliomyelitis 3,150 6,600 Tobaccomosaic 240,000 440,000 *it is noted that American Ultraviolet Company(Lebanon, IN, USA) states that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UVDose) shown above to kill 99% of the indicated viruses, is sufficient toachieve a 100% kill factor of the indicated viruses.

Table 5 provides the approximate required intensities to kill or growthinhibit (“Kill Factor”) either 90% or 99% of yeast (American Water &Air® Inc., Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29926, USA):

Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) in μWs/cm² Needed for KillFactor 90% 99% Yeast (1 log Reduction) (2 log Reduction) Brewers yeast3,300 6,600 Common yeast cake 6,000 13,200 Saccharomyces carevisiae6,000 13,200 Saccharomyces ellipsoideus 6,000 13,200 Saccharomycesspores 8,000 17,600 *it is noted that American Ultraviolet Company(Lebanon, IN, USA) states that the energy dosage of UV radiation (UVDose) shown above to kill 99% of the indicated yeast, is sufficient toachieve a 100% kill factor of the indicated yeast.

By way of example, using a germicidal UV lamp with 190 microwatts/cm²output at 254 nm, it would take approximately about 1 minute and 26seconds to kill or growth inhibit (“Kill Factor”) 100% of Saccharomycessp. (which requires 17,600 microwatt/cm²) at a distance of 36″ and 3minutes 41 seconds at a distance of 60″.

In some embodiments a UV lamp within a UV device has a polymer coating.The polymer coating will prevent small glass pieces from falling into acontainer in case of accidental shattering during use of a UV device ina method of the present invention.

B. UV Detectors and Sensors

The present invention describes a variety of UV devices. In someembodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a detectoror a sensor. The terms UV detector and UV sensor are usedinterchangeably herein. In the drawings, showing exemplary embodiments,detectors are shown by 11. A UV sensor is also shown as 154 in FIGS. 51,52, 54, 55 and 56. The use of a detector or sensor ensures that inaddition to the algorithm (taking into account vessel size and shape,size and shape of a room, a space or defined environment, lampintensity, distance of lamp or lamps from surfaces to be sterilized) arequired or predetermined UV light intensity is achieved. Further, adetector ensures that all areas known to specifically accumulatemicroorganisms also receive the required or predetermined dose of UVradiation.

The use of a detector solves a significant problem existing using thechemical and ozone disinfection methods. When those methods are used,there is no established protocol for verifying the level ofsterilization achieved. In contrast thereto, methods of the presentinvention comprising the use of a detector offers a unique, quick, andreliable means of providing verifiable levels of the sterilizationachieved. As described herein, once set at a predetermined UV dose, thedetector will shut of the UV lamp when this predetermined amount of UVradiation has been attained.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source isconnected to one or more UV detectors or UV sensors. In some embodimentsof the present invention, a germicidal light source is connected to oneor more UV detectors or UV sensors. As shown in the exemplary UV devicesin FIGS. 6, 7, 14, and 15, one or more detectors may be mounted to adifferent position within the UV assembly or onto a removable bracket.In FIGS. 51, 52, 54, 55 and 56, a UV sensor is exemplary attached to asecond upper frame end 152 (see detailed description below).

UV devices described herein are adapted to use a variety of commerciallyavailable detectors and sensors. UV-C detectors commercially availableinclude, e.g., a PMA2122 germicidal UV detector (Solar Light Company,Inc., Glenside, Pa. 19038, USA). Detectors, such as the PMA2122Germicidal UV detector, provide fast and accurate irradiancemeasurements of the effective germicidal radiation. Thus, in someembodiments of a portable UV device of the present invention, a UVdetector is PMA2122 germicidal UV detector. Another preferred UVdetector is Digital UV-sensor type with RS485 interface (ZieglerElectronic Devices GmbH, In den Folgen 7, D 98704 Langewiesen Germany).Thus, in some embodiments of a portable UV device of the presentinvention, a UV detector is Digital UV-sensor type with RS485 interface.A UV producing lamp is monitored to insure that the microorganisms, suchas bacteria, are receiving a desired dose of germicidal UV radiation.Using a detector, the UV lamps can also be monitored to get maximum lifeout of the lamp before replacement. A germicidal UV detector can also beused to insure that the proper lamp has been installed afterreplacement.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal light sourceis connected electrically to one or more UV detectors. In someembodiments, a UV detector is connected by wire to a radiation meter,which in turn can communicate via the wire with a UV lamp and instructit to turn off, e.g., when a desired radiation level has been attained.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal light sourceis connected to one or more UV detectors via a signal.

In some embodiments, a detector is placed at a location within acontainer where microorganisms, which negatively impact production andflavor of an alcoholic beverage, a dairy product, a liquid dairy, aliquid dairy composition, or a dry dairy composition, are known toaccumulate. In some embodiments, a detector is placed within a room, aspace or defined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the one or more UVdetectors are placed in conjunction with a UV light source, preferably,a germicidal UV light source, so that the one or more detectors ensurethat a desired UV intensity has been attained and/or maintained. In someembodiments, a detector is placed strategically in corners or on unevensurfaces of containers such as weld seams where microorganisms mayaccumulate.

In some embodiments, a detector is arranged so that it is both furthestaway from the UV lamp and closest to the most uneven interior surface ofa container (e.g., weld seam or a corner), a room, a space or definedenvironment. The purpose of the detector is to ensure that the requiredor predetermined UV dose is attained at a given interior location of acontainer, room, space or defined environment in order to achieve thedesired log reduction of microorganisms. By placing a detector or morethan one detector (i.e., at least two detectors) in one or morepositions in the interior of the container or within a room, a space ordefined environment to be sanitized, it will be ensured that the evensurfaces and those closer to the UV lamp will receive more thansufficient UV radiation to achieve the desired log reduction ofmicroorganisms and that the more problematic interior surfaces of acontainer (e.g., weld seams and corners) or uneven surfaces in a room, aspace or defined environment will receive the required or predeterminedUV dose.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light sourcecommunicates back and forth with a detector so that the UV light sourceis shut off when a desired specified germicidal level of UV radiationhas been attained. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, adesired specified germicidal level is dependent on the log reduction orpercentage reduction of microorganisms desired. If sterilization isrequired, a six log reduction in microorganisms may be specified. In theinterest of saving time and electricity, however, a five log reductionor a four-log reduction may be desired. Once the desired UV intensityhas been attained, the detector will cause the UV light source to shutoff.

One of skill in the art using a detector in combination with a UV deviceto sterilize a container, a room, a space or defined environmentaccording to a method of the present invention would not need to knowthe diameter of the container or dimension of a room, a space or definedenvironment as the detector would automatically detect the appropriateUV dose necessary to achieve a predetermined sterilization rate (logreduction value).

The use of a detector, however, is optional. Detectors are not requiredto practice methods of the present invention provided that the timing ofthe sterilization cycle has been calculated correctly. Detectors can beused as a redundant system if the shape of the container and/or lampdoes allow the skilled artisan to apply a simple programmablecalculation of the sterilization cycle duration.

C. Housing

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises ahousing. Various housings for UV lamps are shown in the exemplary UVdevices in FIGS. 1-13, 16, 21-25, 28-35, 37-45, 52-61, and 64-67 by 2.In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal UV lightsource is residing in a housing. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a germicidal UV light source is positioned within a housing2. In some embodiments of the present invention, a housing 2 surroundsor encloses a germicidal UV light source. Exemplary surroundings orenclosures of a UV light source by a housing are shown in FIGS. 1-3, 7,9, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 37-45, 52-61, and 64-67. Thesurrounding or enclosure may be complete or partial. Exemplary completesurroundings or enclosures of a UV light source by a housing 2 are shownin FIGS. 1-3, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31, 38-41, 52-61, and 64-67.Exemplary partial surroundings or enclosures of a UV light source by ahousing 2 are shown in FIGS. 7, 9, 34, 35, 37 and 42-45. Housings 2 aredesigned to protect the UV light source from damage, e.g., duringtransport, during use, or when the UV light source is retracted from acontainer, a room, a space, or a defined environment according to amethod of the present invention. A UV light source can be directly orindirectly attached to a housing 2 or alternatively, resides within ahousing 2. Housings 2, however, are not necessary for a UV device of thepresent invention to function. They are optional. For example, UV deviceModel BM3, schematically depicted in FIGS. 46-48, does not comprise ahousing 2.

A housing 2 can be made of a variety of materials. It can be made from apolymer (e.g., plastic) or metal depending on the desired weight. Insome embodiments, a housing is made of DuPont Teflon®FEP (FluorinatedEthylene Propylene).

A housing can have various shapes and forms. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, a housing is a mesh cage allowing the UV light topass through. An exemplary mesh cage housing is shown in FIGS. 21-25.The housing 2 in FIGS. 42-45, e.g., comprises one or more circularstructures, such as metal rings, within the UV light source resides.When using housings 2 that allow passing through of the UV light, the UVlight source does not need to be released from the housing to practice amethod of the invention.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a housing 2 is a housing 2which does not allow the UV light to pass through or which only allowsthe UV light to pass through partly. When using such a housing in themethods of the present invention, the UV light source is being releasedfrom the housing 2. Upon release of the germicidal UV light source fromthe housing 2, the germicidal UV light source may be stationary ormobile. The housing can be of any shape. The shape of the housing islargely depending on the size and shape of the UV light source (e.g.,see FIGS. 1-13, 16, 21-25, 27, 38-45, 52-61, and 64-67). FIGS. 21-25 and42-45 show a UV lamp cluster (comprising 8 UV lamps) arranged at anangle and a correspondingly shaped housing. FIG. 27 shows five UV lampclusters each comprising three UV lamps arranged at an angle and in asquare or rectangular housing.

In some embodiments, a single longitudinal UV lamp is used as a UV lightsource. In those embodiments, the housing may surround or enclose the UVlamp either completely or partially. In some embodiments, a housing 2comprises two arms, a first arm and a second arm, e.g., as schematicallyshown in FIGS. 34 and 35. The first arm may be positioned in a fixedposition, while the second arm may be movably attached to the first arm.In some embodiments the second arm can reside completely or partiallywithin the first arm. The movable attachment of the second arm to thefirst arm may be through a pivot point. In some embodiments, a UV lampis attached to such housing through an opening in the second arm andfurther connected to a part of the UV device through a rope, string, ora power cord. In a configuration wherein the second arm resides withinthe first arm, the UV lamp would then reside within the second arm. Insome embodiments, a rope, a string or a power cord prevents the secondarm of the housing from moving downwardly. Upon lowering the rope, thestring, or the power cord, the UV lamp along with the second arm will bereleased from the first arm of the housing. The rope, the string or thepower cord can be lowered to a point whereupon the second and first armform a 90 degree angle (e.g., see FIG. 34B). Thereby the UV light sourcecan be moved into almost any position within the confines of a container(FIG. 34B), a room, a space, or a defined environment. As one ofordinary skill in the art will appreciate, such positioning depends onthe length of the first arm, the length of the second arm and the angleformed between the first and second arm. Provided herein are variouslengths of the first and second arms, depending, as one of ordinaryskill in the art will appreciate, on the diameter and height of acontainer, a room, a space or defined environment, which should besterilized. For example, if the diameter of a container is about 5meters, then a second arm having a length of about 2.5 meters couldposition a UV device approximately in the middle of the container whenthe UV device is attached to an outer part on top of the container (seeFIGS. 34B, 34C). The height positioning of a UV light source within acontainer can then be controlled conveniently by the extent to which therope, string or power cord is further lowered (compare FIG. 34B to FIG.34C). Lowering of the UV lamp can be achieved as described herein by useof a motorized unit (e.g., see FIGS. 34 and 35).

D. Guides, Range-Finding Devices, And Circuit Boards

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device or systemcomprises a range-finding device or guide, such as a laser range finder.A range-finding device may be placed or aligned at some point along thelongitudinal axis of the UV device in order to prevent the UV lamp(s) orUV device from contacting either the top or bottom surface of thecontainer (depending on the embodiment the device may be suspended fromthe top of the container or supported from below by a mount). If theembodiment uses lateral movement to position the UV lamp(s) closer tothe internal surface the container or to a predetermined position in aroom, a space or defined environment, the rangefinder may be aligned inthe same orientation ensuring that the UV lamp(s) is positioned at thedesired distance depending on the internal diameter of the container ordimension of the room, space or defined environment. In some embodimentsof the present invention, a range-finding device is used in conjunctionwith the system to guarantee that the UV lamp(s) is in correct distancefrom the interior surface of a container to be sterilized or thesurface, walls or ceilings of a room, a space or defined environment tobe sterilized as well as preventing the UV lamp from impacting theinterior surfaces of the container, room, space or defined environment.Range-finding devices or guides are indicated by 20 in exemplary UVdevices herein, e.g., in FIGS. 11, 12 and 35.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a range-finding device 20is a radiofrequency identifier (RFID), which is used to position a UVlight source to a desired or predetermined position within a container.An RFID receives information about the dimensions of a container to besterilized, such as depth and radius of the container. An RFID may beattached to a UV device of the present invention. In some embodiments,an RFID is attached to the container to be sterilized.

For example, as described herein, an RFID determines the depth of movinga UV light source from its load position into its payout position. FIG.35 schematically depicts a laser depth guide attached in proximity of aUV lamp.

FIGS. 26A-D schematically depict a circuit board used in an embodimentof a UV device of the present invention. FIGS. 36A-D schematicallydepict a circuit board used in UV device UV55 described further herein.FIG. 28E schematically depicts an exemplary positioning of a circuitboard 103 within a circuit board cavity 99 within a central sleeve 12. Acircuit board may also be enclosed in a box 127, as shown in FIGS.42-45. Another positioning of a circuit board 103 is within a controlbox 127 (see below).

A circuit board 103 for use in a UV device of the present invention mayhave a variety of functionalities. Various exemplary circuit boards 103are described herein, e.g., in FIGS. 26 (26A-D) and 36A-D and parts ofFIGS. 68A-C. In some embodiments, a functionality of a circuit boardcomprises a functionality selected from the group consisting ofcommunicating with a radiofrequency identifier; controlling a movementof a germicidal UV light source within a container, a room or a definedenvironment; controlling a rate of descent of a germicidal UV lightsource within a container, a room or a defined environment; controllinga rate of ascent of a germicidal UV light source within a container, aroom, or a defined environment; controlling a positioning of agermicidal UV light source within a container, a room, or a definedenvironment; controlling activation and deactivation of a germicidal UVlight source; relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to acontainer, a room or a defined environment; uploading and relayinginformation from a radiofrequency identifier; generating a report ontime of a sanitization cycle; generating a report on duration of asanitization cycle; generating a report on UV light intensity attainedduring a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting a report ontime of a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting a report onduration of a sanitization cycle; emailing, phoning or texting a reporton UV light intensity attained during sanitization cycle; emailing,phoning or texting an alert to an individual that a sanitization cycleis in progress, interrupted or complete; emailing, phoning or texting analert that a UV light source requires replacement; logging date, timeand individual who used the portable UV device; and logging informationof a container, a room, or a defined environment in which the portableUV device will be and/or has been used.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of thecircuit board is communicating with a radiofrequency identifier.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of thecircuit board is controlling a movement of a germicidal UV light sourcewithin a container, a room or a defined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is controlling a rate of descent of a germicidal UV lightsource within a container, a room or a defined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is controlling a rate of ascent of a germicidal UV lightsource within a container, a room or a defined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is controlling a positioning of a germicidal UV lightsource within a container, a room or a defined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is controlling activation and deactivation of a germicidalUV light source.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is relaying UV light intensity via a UV sensor to acontainer, a room or a defined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is uploading and relaying information from aradiofrequency identifier.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is generating a report on time of a sanitization cycle.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is generating a report on duration of a sanitizationcycle.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is generating a report on UV light intensity attainedduring a sanitization cycle.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is relaying a message to an individual. A message relayedby a circuit board of a UV device of the present invention may be anemail notification, an automated telephone voice mail message or aspecial message system to a hand held device such as a cell phone ortablet type device. The individual can receive an email notificationthat documents or reports generated are available to view and downloadonline.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is emailing, phoning or texting a report on time of asanitization cycle.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is emailing, phoning or texting a report on duration of asanitization cycle.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is emailing, phoning or texting a report on UV lightintensity attained during a sanitization cycle.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is emailing, phoning or texting an alert to an individualthat sanitization cycle is in progress, interrupted or complete.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is logging date, time and individual who used the portableUV device.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is logging information of a container, a room, or adefined environment in which the portable UV device will be and/or hasbeen used.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is relaying UV intensity via a sensor to a container, aroom, a defined environment to ensure that a desired or predeterminedirradiation is achieved during a specified time or duration.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is controlling the rate of moving an upper frame and UVlight source(s) attached thereto from a horizontal position to anangular position with respect to a lower frame and attached UV lightsource(s) of a UV device.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is controlling the rate of moving an upper frame and UVlight source(s) attached thereto from a perpendicular/vertical orangular position to a horizontal position with respect to a lower frameand attached UV light source(s) of a UV device.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is controlling the rate of moving an upper frame and UVlight source(s) attached thereto from a first angular position to asecond angular position with respect to a lower frame and attached UVlight source(s) of a UV device.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is connecting to one or more fuses to protect the UVdevice against electrical surges.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is connecting to Zcon mini which measures incoming UVC inreal time from a UVC sensor.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is connecting a Zcon mini to a programmable logic control(PLC) unit. In some of those embodiments, the PLC unit has sanitizationcycle times programmed into it.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is uses a PLC unit to connect with a touchscreen interface135 located on an outside of a control box 127.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is adjusting a current being sent to a UV light source tomaximize efficiency of a sanitization cycle,

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is controlling a servo or a motor and/or the rate withwhich a servo or motor operate.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is interfacing with a PLC unit to indicate whether a bulbintensity is sufficient or inefficient for a desired sanitization cycle.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the functionality of acircuit board is tracking time of bulb operation.

Exemplary circuit boards 103 for use in UV devices of the presentinvention are schematically shown in FIGS. 26 (26A-D); 36A-D and partsof FIGS. 68A-C.

E. Means for Attaching a UV Device

The UV devices described herein can be used to practice the methodsdescribed herein. A UV device of the present invention can be attachedmovably, adjustably, temporarily, or permanently to a container, to asurface of an object, to a floor, to a ceiling or to a wall of a room, aspace or a defined environment by using various attachment means, suchas fasteners, screws, mounting tabs, etc.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is positionedon top of a container 4, as e.g., schematically depicted in FIGS. 1-5,10, 11, 25, 29, 41, and 44. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a UV device is positioned on the bottom of a container 4, ase.g., schematically depicted in FIGS. 6-9, 32, 33, and 48A-D. In someembodiments of the present invention, a UV device is attached to a lid29 of a container 4, as e.g., schematically depicted in FIGS. 14 and 15.In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is attached toa wall or ceiling, as e.g., schematically depicted in FIG. 27. In someembodiments of the present invention, a UV device is attached to anopening in a side wall of a container 4, as e.g., schematically depictedin FIG. 59.

The UV devices described herein can be attached temporarily to acontainer, e.g., for the time required to perform a method describedherein. The UV devices described herein can also be attached to acontainer for a prolonged time, e.g., for the time required to perform amethod described herein and an extended period of time before or afterpracticing the method. The UV devices described herein can also beattached permanently to a container.

In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV devicecomprises a means for attaching the UV device to a container. Thisinvention provides various means for attaching the UV device to acontainer, including, but not limited to a bracket, a hanger, and thelike.

The means for attaching the UV device to a container, a room or adefined environment essentially serves to attach the UV device on anouter perimeter of an opening of the container, to a fixture within theroom or defined environment so that the UV light source and other partsof the UV device necessary to perform a method of the present inventioncan be movably inserted through the opening of the container into theinterior part of the container and into the room or defined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the means for attachingthe UV device to a container is a bracket, also referred to as mountingbracket. In some embodiments of the present invention, a housing isaffixed to a bracket. In some embodiments, the bracket supports thehousing in the desired position and allows the UV lamp to project anddescend from the housing into the desired positions for the“sterilization cycle.” In some embodiments, the bracket supports thehousing centrally. In some embodiments, the bracket supports the housingasymmetrically. The bracket may be in the form of a base, tripod orstand if the device is to be supported from the bottom of thefermentation vessel. The arms of the bracket may be adjustable toaccommodate containers of various diameters and dimensions. Non-limitingexemplary bracket embodiments 3 are depicted in the exemplary UV devicesshown in FIGS. 1-5, 10-12, 33, 28-45, 52, 59, and 63.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a means for attaching theUV device to a container is a hanger as shown, e.g., in FIGS. 21-25. Ahanger may comprise one or more of the following: a clamp post 53, ahanger support bar 52, and a tightening screw 78. A preferredconfiguration of those parts is shown in FIGS. 21-24. Anotherhanger-like means for attachment of a UV device to a container isdepicted in FIGS. 38-45. A hanger can have any shape or size as long asit is adapted to attach a UV device to a container, a room or a definedenvironment to be sterilized, for example, FIGS. 21-24 schematicallyshow an L-shaped hanger.

In some embodiments, the hanger is attached to a pulley mount arm 51(e.g., see FIGS. 21-24). In some embodiments, the hanger is attached toa telescopic arm pivot 73 (e.g., see FIGS. 21-24). In some embodiments,a hanger is attached to a frame 6 (e.g., see FIGS. 38-54).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a means for attaching theUV device to a container is a bracket 3 as shown, e.g., in FIGS. 52, 59and 63. A bracket 3 may comprise one or more of the following: a brackettightening knob 149 and a plurality of rope or line posts 150, 151. Apreferred configuration of those parts is shown in FIGS. 52, 59 and 63.A bracket can have any shape or size as long as it is adapted to attacha UV device to a container, a room, or a defined environment to besterilized.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a housing enclosing a UVlamp is attached to a UV impermissible lid or cover that is placed ontop of an opening of a container so that the UV lamp can be moveddownwards into the container through the housing (movement similarly asshown in FIGS. 1-3). In some embodiments, when the UV lamp is retracted,the impermissible lid descends via gravity. A person standing close bywill not be exposed to UV irradiation but rather be shielded fromirradiation because of the UV impermissible lid or cover.

FIG. 27 shows a UV device adapted to be be attached to a surface, awall, a floor or a ceiling of a room, or a defined environment.Preferably the device shown in FIG. 27 is mounted to the ceiling of aroom, or a defined environment.

F. Optical Components

To increase the UV intensity over a reduced area, to focus the UVintensity, or to control the UV intensity, in some embodiments of thepresent invention, a UV device of the present invention comprises anoptical component. Optical components include, but are not limited to, areflector, a shutter, a lens, a splitter, a mirror, and the like. Theoptical component may be of any shape.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises areflector. A reflector can have a variety of configurations. In someembodiments, the reflector is a parabolic reflector. In someembodiments, the reflector is an elliptical reflector. In someembodiments, the reflector is a circular reflector. Exemplaryembodiments comprising a reflector are depicted in the exemplary UVdevices shown in FIGS. 12-14 and 37.

Reflectors are generally provided by the manufacturer of UV lightsources. For example, reflectors of circular, elliptical and paraboliccross sections can be purchased from Hill Technical Sales Corp(Arlington Heights, Ill., USA). Exemplary reflectors are schematicallyshown in FIG. 18. A preferred supplier for parabolic reflector isBaldwin UV limited, 552 Farilie Road, Trading Estate, Berkshire, SL14PY, England.

UV devices comprising a reflector are schematically shown in FIGS. 14and 37. However, as one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, areflector can be configured into other UV devices described herein. Inthe exemplary UV device schematically shown in FIG. 37, the UV devicecomprises a UV lamp cluster having eight UV lamps arranged in a circulararrangement, wherein each reflector partially surrounds a UV lamp. Othersuitable UV lamp clusters are described herein. UV lamps and reflectorsmay be attached to a housing as schematically depicted in FIG. 37C. Insome embodiments, reflectors individually and partially surrounding a UVlamp may form a continuous reflecting wall as schematically depicted inFIG. 37B. Such a reflecting wall may be connected to a central sleeve.

The UV device schematically shown in FIG. 37 can be inserted through anopening of a container, e.g., an opening located on top of a containerso that the reflectors and UV lamps move inwardly into the container andthe housing rests on the opening of the lid while the sterilizationcycle is being performed. In some embodiments, the UV lamp cluster ofsuch device is arranged so that it can be moved through the opening ofthe container, while the diameter of the housing of the UV device islarger than the diameter of the opening of the container so that the UVdevice can be positioned on top of the container opening. In someembodiments, both the housing and the UV lamp cluster can be movedthrough an opening of a container. In such embodiment, the housing isattached to a cover (or plate) which has a larger diameter than thehousing and the UV lamp cluster and the housing is attached to the cover(or plate) through a cable, which can be extended so that both thehousing and UV lamp cluster can move further downwards into thecontainer upon release of the cable. The cover then remains positionedon top of the container opening. The cover (or plate) can have variousshapes, such as round, oval, square, rectangular, hexagonal, etc. Ahandle attached to such cover (or plate) conveniently allows the user toplace the UV device onto an opening of a container.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV deviceschematically shown in FIG. 37 is inserted inwardly into a containerfrom an opening located at the bottom or side of a container (e.g., seeFIGS. 31-33).

G. Additional Components of a UV Device

FIGS. 1-16, 19-25, 27-35, 37-48, 51-61, and 63-67 depict exemplaryembodiments of UV devices of the present invention and uses thereof.Those figures also show additional components of UV devices of thepresent invention, their positioning and how those components may beconnected to a container, a UV lamp, a UV detector, a frame, a bracket,a housing, and a range-finding device, which are described in detailabove. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, individualcomponents described herein can be combined in various ways andconfigurations in a UV device for a use described herein withoutdeviating from the scope of the present invention.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises amotorized unit (indicated by 1 in the figures). In some embodiments ofthe present invention, a UV device comprises a second motor unit(indicated by 23 in the figures; different from the motorized unit “1”).A motorized unit can provide various functions, including, but notlimited to positioning a UV lamp within a container. A motorized unitmay move a UV lamp within a container to a horizontal position, avertical position or combination of both. As one of ordinary skill inthe art will appreciate the moving of a UV lamp within a containerdepends on parameters, such as size and power of a UV lamp, diameter andheight of a container and areas within the container a practitionerdesires to sterilize as described herein.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises arope, a cable or a rigid rod (indicated by 7 in the figures). A rope, acable or a rigid rod is also useful for the positioning of a UV lightsource within a container, a room or a defined environment. For example,as schematically depicted in FIGS. 4, 5 38-45, a cable 7 is used tolower the UV lamps 5 of the UV devices shown inwardly into the container4. In some embodiments, a cable 7 is a power cord 90 as, e.g.,schematically shown in FIGS. 34 and 35. In some embodiments of a UVdevice of the present invention, a rigid rod, such as an extension ofthe central post 16, may be used to move a UV light source upwardlywithin a container 4 (e.g., see FIG. 48D). In some embodiments, e.g., insome members of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices, a rope 7 isused to position or to move a germicidal UV light source connected to anupper frame into an angular or vertical position with respect to anothergermicidal UV light source connected to a lower frame (see below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises abase plate (indicated by 10 in the figures. A base plate can have manydifferent shapes and configurations as schematically depicted in thefigures herein. A function of a base plate is to allow the UV device bepositioned onto or into a container, a room, or a defined environment orallow the UV device be attached to a container, a room or a definedenvironment (although attachment of a UV device to a container, a roomor a defined environment can also be done by other means as describedherein). Exemplary embodiments of base plates are schematically depictedin FIGS. 6, 7, 28, 29, 31-33, and 35. The base plate 10 of the UV deviceembodiments shown in those figures allows the UV device to stand uprighton a surface, e.g., within a container (see, FIGS. 7, 32, 33), on top ofa container (see FIGS. 28 and 29) or on a floor and the container isslided onto the UV device (see FIG. 31). The base plate 10 of the UVdevice shown in FIGS. 28 and 29, is partially circular and has astraight part allowing the UV device to be positioned vertically on asurface (e.g., when servicing it) without rolling away. The base plate10 of the exemplary UV device embodiments depicted in FIGS. 31 and 32has a tripod-like configuration. The base plate 10 of the exemplary UVdevice embodiment depicted in FIG. 35 is round. It can be oval,rectangular, hexagonal, etc. as well.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises acentral sleeve (indicated by 12 in the figures). A central sleeve canhave various configurations and shapes. Typically, the central sleeve 12is round. A central sleeve can have various configurations and can beconnected to other components of a UV device in various ways. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 7, a central sleeve 12 is connected to ahousing 2. In some embodiments, a central sleeve 12 can slide over ahousing 2. As depicted exemplary in FIG. 8, more than one housing 2 canbe attached to a central sleeve 12. Attachment of the housings 2 to thecentral sleeve can be direct or indirect. For example, as depicted inFIG. 9, the housings 2 are attached to a central sleeve 12 viaparallelogramming arms 17. Various components of a UV device can beattached directly or indirectly to a central sleeve 12 as shown infigures. For example, as depicted in FIGS. 28 and 29, a central sleeve12 is movably attached to a housing 2. In some embodiments of thepresent invention (see e.g., FIGS. 28, 29, 37), a UV lamp 5 is attachedto a central sleeve 12. The attachment of a UV lamp 5 to a centralsleeve 12 may be achieved via pins 93 and a UV lamp socket or adaptor94. The device depicted in FIGS. 28 and 29, referred to herein, as UV55,is described in more detail below.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises oneor more connecting rods (indicated by 13 in the figures).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises amotorized sleeve (indicated by 14 in the figures),

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises anadjustable bracket (indicated by 15 in the figures).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises acentral post (indicated by 16 in the figures). In some embodiments ofthe present invention, the central post 16 is a scissor boom. In someembodiments of the present invention, the central post 16 is a centralbar 44. In some embodiments of the present invention the central post 16is surrounded by a central sleeve 12. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a central post 16 may be extendible and permit positioning ofa UV light source attached thereto to be moved from a first position(e.g., a first vertical position) to a second position (e.g., secondvertical position) within a container (e.g., see FIG. 48).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprisesparallelogramming arms (indicated by 17 in the figures).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises anarm (indicated by 18 in the figures; distinguished from “17”).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises atrack on the arm (indicated by 19 in the figures).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises an“adjustable bracket” or “mounting frame” (indicated by 24 in thefigures).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises atrack on a central post (indicated by 25 in the figures).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises aremovable bracket (indicated by 31 in the figures).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises areflector (indicated by 32 in the figures).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises oneor more nylon blocks (indicated by 33 in the figures).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises apost or boss (indicated by 34 in the figures).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises ahanging hook (indicated by 84 in the figures). A hanging hook provides aconvenient way of storing a UV device when not in use, by e.g., hangingit on hook. A hanging hook can be attached to a UV device at variouslocations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary hanginghook 84 are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (seeFIGS. 28 and 29 and below). A handle 91, e.g., as shown in FIGS. 39-40and 46-48, can also be used as a hanging hook. As such, the termshanging hook 84 and handle 91 are used interchangeably herein.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises anon/off or reset button (indicated by 85 in the figures). As one ofordinary skill in the art an on/off or reset button provides for theactivation of the UV device. An on/off or reset button can be attachedto a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning andfunction of an exemplary on/off or reset button 85 are described indetail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises acentral sleeve tightening knob (indicated by 86 in the figures). Acentral sleeve tightening knob, for example, allows the precise slidingof a central sleeve 12 into a housing 2 or onto a housing 2. Typically,a central sleeve tightening knob is tightened by a person to maintain acentral sleeve in a predetermined position. It is loosened by a personto allow the central sleeve to be moved from a first position to asecond position. In the exemplary UV device embodiment UV55 (see below)and others, movement of the central sleeve can be upwardly ordownwardly. A central sleeve tightening knob can be attached to a UVdevice at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of anexemplary central sleeve tightening knob 86 are described in detail inthe UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises atranslucent plastic ring (indicated by 87 in the figures). In someembodiments of the present invention, a plurality of LED lights arelocated behind the translucent plastic ring. Upon activation of the LEDlight, the light can be seen through the translucent plastic ring. Theappearance of a light signal may indicate to a user of the UV device thetime of use of the UV device to perform the sterilization of acontainer, the termination of a sterilization cycle, etc. A translucentplastic ring can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form,shape, positioning and function of an exemplary translucent plastic ring87 are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS.28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises astopping plate (indicated by 88 in the figures). A stopping plate can beattached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioningand function of an exemplary stopping plate 88 are described in detailin the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises ametal disc (indicated by 89 in the figures). A metal disc can beattached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioningand function of an exemplary metal disc 89 are described in detail inthe UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises apower cord (indicated by 90 in the figures). A power cord can beattached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioningand function of an exemplary power cord 90 are described in detail inthe UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises ahandle (indicated by 91 in the figures). A handle provides for theconvenient transport of a UV device by a user. A handle can be part of acentral sleeve 12, such as an extension of a central sleeve 12 (e.g.,see FIGS. 28 and 29) A handle 91 can also be part of a frame 6, anextension of a frame 6 or attached to a frame 6 (e.g., see FIGS. 38-41and 46-48). The handle may be of a different thickness than the centralsleeve or frame. The handle and the central sleeve or frame can be madeof the same material. A preferred material is a plastic. A preferredplastic is Delrin. Another preferred material for a handle is a metal,preferably, a light-weight metal. A handle can be attached to a UVdevice at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of anexemplary handle 91 are described in detail in the UV device embodimentUV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below), in FIG. 37, in UV device Model BM1(see FIGS. 38-41) and in UV device BM3 (see FIGS. 46-48).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises ahandle cap (indicated by 92 in the figures). In some embodiments, ahandle cap is attached to a handle 91. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, a handle cap houses an acoustic speaker. Thus, insome embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises anacoustic speaker. A handle cap can be attached to a UV device at variouslocations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary handlecap 92 are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (seeFIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises oneor more pins for attaching a UV lamp 5 to a UV lamp socket or adaptor 94(indicated by 93 in the figures). Pins 93 can be attached to a UV lamp 5at various locations, preferably at an end of a UV lamp 5. Form, shape,positioning and function of exemplary pins 93 are described in detail inthe UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises oneor more UV lamp sockets or adaptors (indicated by 94 in the figures). AUV lamp socket or adaptor 94 attaches a UV lamp 5 to a UV device,preferably through pins 93. A UV lamp socket or adaptor can be attachedto a UV device at various locations. Typically, each UV lamp 5 isattached to a UV lamp socket or adaptor 94. Form, shape, positioning andfunction of an exemplary UV lamp socket or adaptor 94 are described indetail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below),UV device Model BM1 (see FIGS. 38, 29, and 41), UV device Model BM2 (seeFIG. 45), and UV device Model BM3 (see FIG. 47A). FIGS. 53-55 and 60show non-limiting embodiments wherein UV lamp sockets or adaptors 94 areattached to either a lower frame 146 or an upper frame of a UV device ofthe UVT-4 family of UV devices.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises ametal sleeve attachment ring (indicated by 95 in the figures). A metalsleeve attachment ring can be attached to a UV device at variouslocations. For example, it can be attached to a housing 2. Form, shape,positioning and function of an exemplary metal sleeve attachment ring 95are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises apower supply of UV lamp ballast (indicated by 96 in the figures). Apower supply 96 can be attached to a UV device at various locations.Preferably, a power supply is not visible from the outside of a UVdevice and housed in an inner compartment (e.g., see control box 127 inFIGS. 42-45, 49-51) or in a cavity within the UV device. A preferredcavity for housing a power supply 96 is a power supply cavity 100.Typically, the power supply cavity is covered by a power supply accessplate 97 so that the power supply is not visible from the outside. Form,shape, positioning and function of an exemplary power supply 96 aredescribed in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and29 and below). A ballast/power supply 96 may power one or more UV lamps5. In some embodiments, a single ballast/power supply 96 powers a UVlamp cluster. In some embodiments, a single ballast/power supply 96powers eight (8) UV lamps 5. In some embodiments, a single ballast/powersupply 96 powers four (4) UV lamps 5, i.e., when eight (8) UV lamps 5are configured into a UV device, two ballasts/power supplies 96 may beemployed. In some embodiments, the ballast/power supply 96 powers eachUV lamp 5 separately, i.e., each UV lamp is powered by a separateelectrical cable, wire or connector connecting the ballast/power supply96 with that particular UV lamp 5. In some embodiments, theballast/power supply 96 powers in parallel a plurality of UV lamps 5,i.e., a plurality of UV lamps 5 is powered by a single electrical cable,wire or connector connecting the ballast/power supply 96 with theplurality of UV lamps 5. In some embodiments, the ballast/power supply96 powers in parallel a UV lamps 5 of a UV lamp cluster, i.e., the UVlamps 5 of the UV lamp cluster are powered by a single electrical cable,wire or connector connecting the ballast/power supply 96 with the UVlamps 5 of the UV lamp cluster.

In some embodiments, the ballasts/power supplies 96 are separated fromthe UV lamps 5. That distance can vary. Distances can be about 1 m,about 2 m, about 3 m, about 4 m, about 5 m, about 6 m, about 7 m, about8 m, about 9 m, about 10 m, about 11 m, about 12 m or even more. Forexample, a UV device of the UVT-4 family of UV devices is preferablyused to sanitize large containers, large rooms or large definedenvironments. In those embodiments, the UV light sources and the powersupply are physically separated from each other. This option providesfor a more light-weight portable UV device and also provides greaterflexibility with respect to moving and positioning the UV device on itsown or within such large container, large room or large definedenvironment. In those embodiments, the UV light source(s) attached tothose UV devices are powered by a power supply 96 that resides in acontrol box 127 and wherein a cable 143 connects the power supply 96with the UV device and thus, with the germicidal UV light source(s). Insome embodiments, cable 143 consists of two cables 143, one beingattached to the control box 127 as shown in FIGS. 49 and 50 and onebeing attached to the UV device as shown in FIG. 52. When in use andwhen power is to be provided to the UV device, those two cables 143 arethen joined via a socket 181 (FIG. 65). In other embodiments, a singlelong cable 143 is being used to connect the control box 127 to the UVdevice directly, i.e., without connecting two sockets as describedabove.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises apower supply access plate (indicated by 97 in the figures). A powersupply access plate 97 can be attached to a UV device at variouslocations. A power supply access plate covers a power supply, which ishoused in an inner compartment or cavity within the UV device. A powersupply cavity access plate may be screwed to a UV device with one ormore screws. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary powersupply access plate 97 are described in detail in the UV deviceembodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises anoptical switch (indicated by 98 in the figures). An optical switch, alsoreferred to as cycle time count reset sensor, can be attached to a UVdevice at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of anexemplary optical switch 98 are described in detail in the UV deviceembodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

As described herein, in some embodiments of the present invention, a UVdevice comprises a circuit board (indicated by 103 in the figures; seealso FIGS. 26A-D, 36A-D and 68). A circuit board 103 can be attached toa UV device at various locations. Preferably, a circuit board is notvisible from the outside of a UV device and housed in an innercompartment or cavity, e.g., within the UV device or within a controlbox 127. A preferred cavity for housing a circuit board 103 is a circuitboard cavity 99. Typically, the circuit board cavity is covered by aplate. Conveniently, a power supply access plate 97 may also cover thecircuit board so that the circuit board is not visible from the outside.Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary circuit board 103and circuit board cavity 99 are described in detail in the UV deviceembodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises anAC to DC power converter (indicated by 101 in the figures). An AC to DCpower converter can be attached to a UV device at various locations.Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary AC to DC powerconverter 101 are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55(see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises anelectronic component (indicated by 102 in the figures). An AC to DCpower converter can be attached to a UV device at various locations.Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplary electroniccomponent 102 are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55(see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises oneor more connectors or wires (indicated by 104 in the figures) to connectto e.g., an LED, an optical switch, or an acoustic speaker. Connectorsand wires 104 can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form,shape, positioning and function of an exemplary connectors and wires 104are described in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises oneor more connectors or wires (indicated by 105 in the figures) to connectto a UV light source, such as a UV lamp 5. Connectors and wires 105 canbe attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape,positioning and function of an exemplary connectors and wires 105 aredescribed in detail in the UV device embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises oneor more connectors or wires (indicated by 106 in the figures) to connectto the power supply 96. Connectors and wires 106 can be attached to a UVdevice at various locations. Form, shape, positioning and function of anexemplary connectors and wires 106 are described in detail in the UVdevice embodiment UV55 (see FIGS. 28 and 29 and below).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises ananchor (indicated by 107 in the figures). An anchor 107 can be attachedto a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioning andfunction of an exemplary anchor 107 are described in detail in the UVdevice embodiment depicted in FIG. 30 and below.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises ananchor line (indicated by 108 in the figures). An anchor line 108 can beattached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioningand function of an exemplary anchor line 108 are described in detail inthe UV device embodiment depicted in FIG. 30 and below.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises ananchor connector (indicated by 109 in the figures). An anchor connector109 can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape,positioning and function of an exemplary anchor connector 109 aredescribed in detail in the UV device embodiment depicted in FIG. 30 andbelow.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a container 4 comprisesmanhole or port (indicated by 77 in the figures) as an opening. Amanhole or port 77, typically is found at large containers 4, such astanks and fermenters having a solid lid 29 or are otherwise fullyenclosed (other than the manhole or port 77 itself). A manhole or port77 can be positioned at a container 4 at various locations, preferablyat a position close to the periphery of the upper part of the container4 as exemplary depicted in FIGS. 25, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48. A manholeor port can also be located at a lower portion of a side wall of acontainer 4, as exemplary depicted in FIGS. 32, 33, 41, and 48. Themanhole or port 77 is wide enough to allow insertion of a UV device ofthe present invention (e.g., see Figures. 25, 30, 32-34, 41, 44, and48).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises a UVlamp cluster line (indicated by 111 in the figures). A UV lamp clusterline 111 can be attached to a UV device at various locations. Form,shape, positioning and function of an exemplary UV lamp cluster line 111are described in detail in the UV device embodiment depicted in FIG. 30and below.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises atwist lock (indicated by 116 in the figures). A twist lock 116 can beattached to a UV device at various locations. Form, shape, positioningand function of an exemplary twist lock 116 are described in detail inthe UV device embodiment depicted in FIG. 34 and below.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises aninterface (indicated by 117 in the figures). An interface, e.g., permitsa user to activate a UV device, by e.g., pushing a start button. Aninterface, e.g., permits a user to inactivate a UV device, by e.g.,pushing a stop button. An interface, e.g., permits a user to set thetime it takes to perform a sterilization cycle. An interface, e.g.,permits a user to read the time remaining to complete a sterilizationcycle. An interface 117 can be attached to a UV device at variouslocations. Form, shape, positioning and function of an exemplaryinterface 117 are described in detail in the UV device embodimentdepicted in FIG. 34 and below. Another touchscreen interface as usedexemplary in a UV device system comprising an external control box 127,is indicated by 135 in FIGS. 49 and 51. The touchscreen interface isadapted to provide various inputs for functionalities as describedherein.

Some UV devices of the present invention comprise an easily accessiblecontrol box with an on-off switch to activate and shut off (deactivate)the UV lamps. Further, UV devices comprise circuitry for activating andshutting off (deactivating) the UV lamps. The control box may include alamp indicator light to show whether power is being sent to the UVdevice.

Additional components attached to a UV device or a system of the presentinvention are shown in FIGS. 49-68.

H. Positioning of a UV Light Source

As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, thepositioning of a UV light source at a desired or predetermined positionfor the UV sterilization of a container will be determined by e.g., theshape and volume (dimension) of the container, vessel, steel type used,and the shape, size and power output of the UV light source. Given theguidance provided herein, one of ordinary kill in the art will be ableto properly position one or more UV light sources to achieve a desiredlevel of sanitization, a desired killing or growth inhibition of one ormore microorganisms using a method of the invention.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source issuspended from a removable lid of a container of various dimensions.

In other embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source issuspended from a fixed or hinged lid of a container of variousdimensions.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV device is portable.A portable UV device can be transported between different vessels, vatsand facilities.

In some embodiments of the present invention, e.g., when a UV device isused to sterilize a rather large container, the UV light source may bemoved within the container from a first position to a second positionand from a second position to a third position. This is demonstrated,for example in FIGS. 21 to 25, showing a UV device in various positionsand configurations, e.g., folded position (FIG. 21), load position (FIG.22), payout position or first vertical downwards position (FIG. 23),horizontal position (FIG. 24), and lamp down position or second verticaldownwards position (FIG. 25). For example, as shown in FIGS. 25, 29, 41,44, and 48, the UV light source is positioned in the approximate middle(center position) of a container 4 to practice a method of theinvention. The height within a container at which a UV light source ispositioned may also depend on the shape and volume (dimension) of thecontainer, vessel, steel type used, and the shape, size and power outputof the UV light source. For example, UV device Models BM1 and BM2(described below in greater detail) permit descending a UV light sourceto a desired position within a container 4 by moving the UV light sourcefrom a first vertical position downwardly to a second vertical positionwithin the container 4. Likewise, UV device Model BM3 (described belowin greater detail) optionally permits ascending a UV light source to adesired position within a container 4 by moving the UV light source froma first vertical position upwardly to a second vertical position withinthe container 4.

Further, as demonstrated by UV device Model BM3, when placed on thefloor of a container 4 (see FIG. 48), a plurality of wheels 114 attachedto the frame of that device, permits the UV device to be moved into anydesired position on the floor of the container 4 and subsequently deploythe UV light source so that it can be positioned at any desirableposition within the container.

As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, thepositioning of a UV light source at a desired or predetermined positionfor the UV sterilization of a room, a space or a defined environmentwill be determined by, e.g., the shape and dimension of the room, spaceor a defined environment to be sanitized, and the shape, size and poweroutput of the UV light source. Given the guidance provided herein, oneof ordinary kill in the art will be able to properly position one ormore UV lamps to achieve the desired killing or growth inhibition of oneor more microorganisms using a method of the invention.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV light source issuspended from a the ceiling of a room of various dimensions. In otherembodiments of the present invention, a UV light source is suspendedfrom a fixed or hinged connecting part within a housing of variousdimensions. An exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 27.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the UV device is portable.A portable UV device can be transported between different rooms, spacesand defined environments.

In some embodiments of the present invention, e.g., when a UV device isused to sterilize a rather large room, space or defined environment, theUV light source may be moved within the room, space or definedenvironment from a first position to a second position and from a secondposition to a third position. As described herein, for a largecontainer, large room, or large defined environment, a UV device may bepositioned on a bottom surface of such large container, large room, orlarge defined environment using an extension tool, as exemplary shown inFIGS. 62-67.

I. Multiple UV Lamps/UV Light Sources

For use in the methods of the present invention, UV light sources, alsoreferred to herein as UV lamps, can be configured in a variety of waysin a UV device. The configuration of one or more UV lamps within a UVdevice is referred to herein also as a UV lamp assembly or UV lampcluster. In some embodiments of the present invention more than one UVlamp is used for the sterilization of a container, a room, a space ordefined environment. Multiple UV lamps can be clustered together orspaced apart either symmetrically or asymmetrically in order to achievethe desired reduction in microorganisms in a timely and efficientmanner.

For example, FIGS. 2 and 3 depict embodiments of the present inventionwhere the UV assembly consists of a single UV lamp. FIGS. 4, 51-61, and63-67 depict embodiments of the present invention showing a UV lampassembly having four UV lamps. FIG. 5 depicts an embodiment of thepresent invention showing a UV lamp assembly having eight UV lampsarranged in an octagonal configuration. In addition, as depicted in FIG.5, an additional UV lamp may be attached to a support plate. Those UVlamps are typically mounted to a frame 6, as shown, e.g., in FIGS. 4, 5,14, 15, 21-25 or an upper and lower frame as shown in FIGS. 51-61 and63-67. FIGS. 21-25 and 42-48 depict an embodiment of the presentinvention showing eight UV lamps attached to a frame 3 and an upperplate 42. FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67 depict a non-limiting embodiment of thepresent invention, a member of a UVT-4 family UV device, showing four UVlamps, of which tow UV lamps are attached to a lower frame 146 and twoare attached to an upper frame. Alternatively, those UV lamps areattached to or enclosed in a housing 2, as shown, e.g., in FIGS. 2, 3,6-13, 16, 21-25, 42-45, 51-61 and 63-67. When more than one UV lamp isused in an UV assembly or in a method of the present invention, each UVlamp may be the same or different.

In some embodiments of the present invention a UV device comprises morethan one UV lamp. In some embodiments, at least two UV lamps areclustered together. In some embodiments, at least three UV lamps areclustered together. In some embodiments, at least four UV lamps areclustered together. In some embodiments, four UV lamps are clusteredtogether. In some embodiments, five UV lamps are clustered together. Insome embodiments, six UV lamps are clustered together. In someembodiments, seven UV lamps are clustered together. In some embodiments,eight UV lamps are clustered together. The clustering of the lamps maybe at perpendicular angles as shown in FIG. 4 or at any other angle(e.g., FIGS. 21-25, 27, 32, 33, 45, and 48). The more than one UV lampsin a UV lamp cluster can be positioned to each other at various anglesranging from about 5 to about 45 degree, preferably from about 10 toabout 30 degree, more preferably from about 15 to about 20 degree. Insome embodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV lampsare positioned to each other in an about 5 degree angle. In someembodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV lamps arepositioned to each other in an about 10 degree angle. In someembodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV lamps arepositioned to each other in an about 15 degree angle. In someembodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV lamps arepositioned to each other in an about 20 degree angle. In someembodiments of the present invention, the more than two UV lamps arepositioned to each other in an about 25 degree angle.

In some embodiments, more than one UV lamp is attached to a bracket. Insome embodiments, at least two UV lamps are attached to a bracket. Insome embodiments, at least three UV lamps are attached to a bracket. Insome embodiments, at least four UV lamps are attached to a bracket. Insome embodiments, four UV lamps are attached to a bracket. In someembodiments, five UV lamps are attached to a bracket. In someembodiments, six UV lamps are attached to a bracket. In someembodiments, seven UV lamps are attached to a bracket. In someembodiments, eight UV lamps are attached to a bracket. The UV lamps maybe attached to a means for attaching the UV device to a container, e.g.,a bracket as shown in FIGS. 1-5, and 10-15, which typically, but notalways, comprises mounting the UV lamp to a housing or frame andmounting the housing or frame to the bracket. Other embodiments forattaching a UV light source, such as a UV lamp cluster, to a means forattaching the UV device to a container, are shown in FIGS. 21-25 and42-48.

In some embodiments, more than one UV lamp is attached to a frame. Insome embodiments, at least two UV lamps are attached to a frame. In someembodiments, at least three UV lamps are attached to a frame. In someembodiments, at least four UV lamps are attached to a frame. Four UVlamps may be attached to a frame as shown exemplary in FIGS. 4-9, 12,and 15. In some embodiments, at least five UV lamps are attached to aframe. In some embodiments, at least six UV lamps are attached to aframe. In some embodiments, at least seven UV lamps are attached to aframe. In some embodiments, at least eight UV lamps are attached to aframe. Eight UV lamps may be attached to a frame as shown exemplary inFIGS. 5, 13, 21-25 and 42-48. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 21-25and 42-48, the UV lamps are also attached to an upper plate 42.

In a non-limiting example of a member of a UVT-4 family of UV devices,two UV lamps are attached in a parallel configuration to a lower frameand two UV lamps are attached in a parallel configuration to an upperframe (see FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67).

In some embodiments, more than one UV lamp is attached to a housing. Insome embodiments, at least two UV lamps are attached to a housing. Insome embodiments, at least three UV lamps are attached to a housing. Insome embodiments, at least four UV lamps are attached to a housing. Insome embodiments, at least five UV lamps are attached to a housing. Insome embodiments, at least six UV lamps are attached to a housing. Insome embodiments, at least seven UV lamps are attached to a housing. Insome embodiments, at least eight UV lamps are attached to a housing.FIG. 27 depicts an embodiment of the present invention where a UVassemble comprises 15 UV lamps, arranged in five UV lamp clusters eachhaving three UV lamps and of which one UV lamp cluster is stationary andfour UV lamp clusters are movable. In this embodiment, a light box 79,comprising a back wall 80 for mounting to the ceiling of a room isconsidered an equivalent of a housing 2. FIG. 27 depicts a UV devicemountable to a ceiling or wall of a room, a space or definedenvironment.

J. UV Lamp Cluster

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp is configuredinto a UV lamp cluster. Increasing the number of UV lamps increases theintensity of UV light emitted throughout the tank or container. Forpackaging purposes, multiple short UV lamps are preferable to fewer longUV lamps. The increased UV intensity decreases the time necessary forsterilization or sanitization.

Exemplary UV lamp clusters of a UV device are shown in FIGS. 2-25, 27,30, 32, 33, 37-48, 51-61 and 63-67. While FIG. 20 shows that the UVlamps are not in a housing, in some embodiments UV lamps may be in aprotective housing (e.g., FIGS. 21-25, 27, 28-35, 37-40A, 42, 43, 51-61and 63-67). In some embodiments, UV lamps assembled into a UV lampcluster are spring loaded. As they emerge from the housing, they springout to a relatively optimal angle of 15 degrees. Other preferred anglesare 10 degrees, 11 degrees, 12 degrees, 13 degrees, 14 degrees, 16degrees, 17 degrees, 18 degrees, 19 degrees, and 20 degrees. Theseangles are preferred as they allow for good UV coverage on bothhorizontal and vertical surfaces of a container.

In some embodiments of the present invention, UV lamp clusters can moveout of a housing due to being attached via a hinge mechanism, i.e.,wherein the UV device comprises, for example, a hinge or a UV lampmodule swing 81, allowing the so attached UV lamps/UV lamp cluster tomove from a closed position (e.g., when not in use) into an exposedposition (i.e., for sanitization). An exemplary embodiment of such a UVdevice is shown in FIG. 27.

In some embodiments, a UV lamp cluster is lowered into a container on arope.

K. Scissor Boom

In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, the UVdevice comprises one or more means for moving a UV light source to apredetermined position, typically to a predetermined position within acontainer, a room, a space or defined environment. A means for movingthe UV light source can be a means for moving the UV light source tovertical downwards position in a container, room, space or definedenvironment. Another means for moving the UV light source can be a meansfor moving the UV light source to a horizontal position in a container,a room, a space or defined environment. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, a UV device comprises more than one means for movinga UV light source to a predetermined position within a container, aroom, a space or defined environment. For example, a UV device maycomprise a means for moving the UV light source to a first verticaldownwards position within a container, a room, a space or definedenvironment. The UV device may also comprise a means for moving the UVlight source from the first vertical position to a horizontal positionwithin a container, a room, a space or defined environment. The UVdevice may also comprise a means for moving the UV light source from thehorizontal position to a second vertical downwards position within acontainer, a room, a space or defined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises ameans for moving a UV light source to a predetermined position within acontainer, a room, a space or defined environment and is referred to asa scissor boom.

A scissor boom comprises a first end and a second end. The first end isalso referred to as inner end, and the second end is also referred to asouter end.

In some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least one scissorunit between its first end and second end. In some embodiments, thescissor boom comprises at least two scissor units between its first endand second end. In some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at leastthree scissor units between its first end and second end. In someembodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least four scissor unitsbetween its first end and second end. In some embodiments, the scissorboom comprises at least five scissor units between its first end andsecond end. In some embodiments, the scissor boom comprises at least tenscissor units between its first end and second end. A scissor unit canbe made from any material. A preferred scissor bracket is a metalbracket. In some embodiments, a metal bracket is an aluminum bracket.Aluminum brackets are particularly preferred based on low cost and lowweight. Preferred are also carbon fiber brackets. The scissor units areconnected to each other by pivots. The pivots allow the horizontalextension of the scissor boom units.

The dimensions of a scissor boom for use in the methods of the presentinvention are not limited. A scissor boom may have various dimensionsand may extend for several feet. A non-limiting scissor boom constructedby the Applicant measures about 10″ by 10″ by 50″ in its retractedposition and can extend over 15 feet.

In some embodiments of the present invention, an actuator unit ismounted to the first end of the scissor boom. An exemplary,non-limiting, embodiment of a linear actuator 37 is shown in FIG. 19. Anactuator of the present invention operates by conversion of a rotarymotion into a linear motion. An actuator extends the scissor boom andthe extent of the expansion is determined by a sensor.

In some embodiments, a UV lamp 5 is mounted to the second end of thescissor boom. In some embodiments of this UV device, the UV lamp 5 ishoused in a housing (e.g., FIG. 19). In some embodiments, a UV lampcluster 41 (i.e., more than one UV lamp) is mounted to the second end ofthe scissor boom. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UVlamp cluster comprises at least two germicidal UV light sources. In someembodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises atleast three germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises at least four germicidalUV light sources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UVlamp cluster comprises at least five germicidal UV light sources. Insome embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp cluster comprisestwo germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a UV lamp cluster comprises three germicidal UV lightsources. In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV lamp clustercomprises four germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, a UV lamp cluster comprises five germicidal UV lightsources.

In some embodiments of this UV device, the UV lamp cluster 41 is housedin a UV lamp cluster housing 36 (FIG. 19). In some embodiments, thefirst end of the scissor boom is attached to an additional bracketmounted to a container (e.g., an adjusting bracket 24 as shown in FIG.10) so that the scissor boom can be moved up and down via sliding rails39 located at the inner end of the scissor boom (FIG. 19).

A scissor boom of the present invention can move (a) horizontally froman interior position of a container (i.e., from its folded position,FIG. 19A) towards the inner wall of the container (i.e., into itsextended position, FIG. 19B) via slide rail 40, (b) vertically alongsliding rails 39 in an up and down movement, and (c) in a circularmotion when the scissor boom is fixed at a desired vertical position inthe container and in its extended position. In the embodiments where theUV lamp(s) are within a housing, upon reaching the desired position, theUV lamp(s) are released and the housing is removed.

L. UV Lamp Cluster Assembly Combined with Scissor Boom

In some embodiments, a UV device of the present invention comprises a UVlamp cluster and a scissor boom. In some embodiments, a UV lamp clustercomprise three UV lamps. In some embodiments, a UV lamp cluster comprisefour UV lamps. In some embodiments, a UV lamp cluster comprise five UVlamps. The function of the scissor boom mechanism is to move the UVlamps horizontally across the top of a container and position the UVlamps to the central axis of the container. A linear actuator (37 inFIG. 19) pushes the scissor mechanism up and down a slide rail (39 inFIG. 19) allowing the length of the scissor to be varied according tothe diameter of the container. Slide rails (40 in FIG. 19) on the secondside of the scissor boom allow the system to expand and contract inlength. Once in place, the UV lamp cluster is dropped from its housing,if present (36, in FIG. 19), and lowered down the central axis of thecontainer.

The UV lamp cluster may be housed in a protective housing 36 (FIG. 19)and can be attached to a winch at the second end of a scissor mechanism.Once the linear actuator extends the scissor boom to the centralposition in the tank, the winch drops the UV lamp cluster from theprotective cover. As this occurs, the UV lamps will spring out into atripod configuration in case three UV lamps were clustered (FIG. 20B).An algorithm based on the diameter and depth of the tank will determinethe speed at which the winch lowers and raises the tripod configuration.These distances may be determined either by ultrasonic or laser rangefinders. As the winch retracts the lamp back into the protectivehousing, the lamps are forced back into a vertical position and securedin that position by the lower plate (FIG. 20A). The scissor arm is thenretracted and the system can be removed from the tank.

The entire UV device unit can be mounted to the port of a tank viaeither a molding attached to the slide rails. This molding or bracketcan be made from a variety of materials, including various polymers,aluminum or other metals or carbon fiber. Preferably, it will be madefor the lightest and most cost effective material. The standard accessport on most modern tanks is offset to one side of the tank and is 18″in diameter.

M. UV Device with Telescoping Arm

In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV devicecomprises a means for moving a UV light source to a predeterminedposition within a container, a room, a space or defined environment andis referred to herein as a UV device with telescoping arm. In someembodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV devicecomprises a UV light source that is attached to a telescopic arm 46. Insome embodiments, the telescopic arm 46 corresponds to a central sleeve12 (as shown exemplary in FIGS. 7-11), comprising two or more movableunits, referred to herein as telescoping units 47. Exemplary embodimentsof a UV device comprising a telescopic arm 46 are shown in variousconfigurations in FIGS. 21-25.

FIGS. 21-25 depict several views of an exemplary embodiment of a UVdevice of the present invention comprising a telescopic arm as a meansfor moving a UV light source or a UV lamp cluster to a desired positionwithin a container, a room, a space or defined environment. The UVdevice is shown schematically in various configurations: in its foldedposition (FIG. 21), in its load position (FIG. 22), in its payoutposition (FIG. 23), in its horizontal position (FIG. 24), and in its UVlamp down position (FIG. 25). While FIGS. 21-25 show a UV devicecomprising a telescopic arm and a UV lamp cluster having eight UV lamps,any number of UV lamps can be attached to a UV device having atelescopic arm 46.

The telescopic arm 46 comprises two or more telescoping units 47. Thenumber of telescoping units is not important for practicing the methodsof the present invention as long as the telescoping units 47 can be usedto move the UV light source to a desired position within a container(e.g., see FIGS. 21-25), a room, a space or defined environment. In someembodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises two or more telescopingunits 47. In some embodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises twotelescoping units 47. In some embodiments, the telescopic arm 46comprises three telescoping units 47. In some embodiments, thetelescopic arm 46 comprises four telescoping units 47. In someembodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises five telescoping units 47.In some embodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises six telescopingunits 47. An example of a telescopic arm 46 comprising six telescopingunits 47 is shown in FIGS. 21-25. In some embodiments, the telescopicarm 46 comprises seven telescoping units 47. In some embodiments, thetelescopic arm 46 comprises eight telescoping units 47. In someembodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises nine telescoping units 47.In some embodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises ten telescopingunits 47. In some embodiments, the telescopic arm 46 comprises more thanten telescoping units 47.

The form of the telescoping units 47 is not important for practicing themethods of the present invention as long as the telescoping units 47 canbe used to move the UV light source to a desired (also referred to aspredetermined) position within a container, a room, a space or definedenvironment. The telescoping units 47 can be of any form. For example,in some embodiments, the telescoping units 47 are square. In someembodiments, the telescoping units 47 are rectangular. In someembodiments, the telescoping units 47 are round. In some embodiments,the telescoping units 47 are oval. In one embodiment of a UV device ofthe present invention, exemplified in FIGS. 21-25, the telescoping units47 are square.

The dimensions of the telescoping units 47 are not important forpracticing the methods of the present invention as long as thetelescoping units 47 can be used to move the UV light source to adesired position within a container, a room, a space or definedenvironment. The telescoping units 47 may have various dimensions.Typically a telescoping unit 47 having the smallest diameter, D₁, issurrounded by a telescoping unit 47 having a larger diameter, D₂, whichin turn is surrounded by a telescoping unit 47 having a larger diameter,D₃, which in turn is surrounded by a telescoping unit 47 having a largerdiameter, D₄, and so on. An exemplary embodiment thereof, showing sixtelescoping units 47 of different diameters, is shown in FIGS. 21-25. Inthe embodiment shown schematically in FIGS. 21-25 and produced by theinventor, the diameter D₁ of the inner telescoping unit 47 is about20×20 mm, the diameter D₂ of the next larger telescoping unit 47 isabout 30×30 mm, the diameter D₃ of the next larger telescoping unit 47is about 40×40 mm, the diameter D₄ of the next larger telescoping unit47 is about 50×50 mm, the diameter D₅ of the next larger telescopingunit 47 is about 60×60 mm, and the diameter D₆ of the next largertelescoping unit 47 is about 70×70 mm. In the embodiment shownschematically in FIGS. 21-25 and produced by the inventor, the length ofthe telescoping unit 47 is about 3 feet each. Each telescoping unit 47may, however, be of a different length, i.e., longer or shorter than 3feet.

Each telescoping unit 47 has two ends, a first end and a second end,with which they are connected to another telescoping unit 47 or to a UVlight source with respect to the inner telescoping unit 47 or to a meansfor attaching the UV device to a container, such as a hanger withrespect to the outer telescoping unit 47 (see FIGS. 21-25). Thus, insome embodiments of the present invention, as exemplified in FIGS.21-25, the UV light source is connected to a first end of the innertelescoping unit 47. More specifically with respect to the embodimentshown in FIGS. 21-25, the UV light source is connected to the innertelescoping unit 47 having a diameter D₁, the second end of the inner(or smallest in diameter) telescoping unit 47 having a diameter D₁ isconnected to the first end of a telescoping unit 47 having a diameterD₂, the second end of the telescoping unit 47 having a diameter D₂ isconnected to the first end of a telescoping unit 47 having a diameterD₃, the second end of the telescoping unit 47 having a diameter D₃ isconnected to the first end of a telescoping unit 47 having a diameterD₄, the second end of the telescoping unit 47 having a diameter D₄ isconnected to the first end of a telescoping unit 47 having a diameterD₅, and the second end of the telescoping unit 47 having a diameter D₅is connected to the first end of a telescoping unit 47 having a diameterD₆.

The most outer (or largest in diameter) telescoping unit 47 is attachedto a telescopic arm pivot 73, which in turn is attached to the means forattaching the UV device to a container 4, such as hanger as exemplifiedin FIGS. 21-25. The telescopic pivot arm 73 allows the UV device to bemoved from a vertical position to a horizontal position and vice versaso that the UV light source can be positioned at a desired positionwithin a container (see FIGS. 21-25), a room, a space or definedenvironment.

While the embodiment of the UV device having a telescopic arm shown inFIGS. 21-25 shows the telescopic unit 47 having the smallest diameter asthe inner telescoping unit 47 and attached to the UV light source, insome embodiments it is the telescopic unit 47 having the largestdiameter which is attached to the UV light source. In this embodiment,the telescopic unit 47 having the smallest diameter is attached to thetelescopic arm pivot.

The telescopic (used herein interchangeably with the term “telescoping”)arm 46 and the telescoping units 47 can be of any material as long asthe material is strong enough allowing the moving of the UV light sourceto a desired position as described herein. A preferred material ismetal.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 21-25, UV lamps 5 areclustered in a UV lamp cluster and are enclosed within a housing 2, suchas a UV mesh cage, which allows the UV light to pass through. In someembodiments, the UV lamps 5 are attached to a frame 6, and to an upperplate 42. The upper plate 42 is connected to a UV lamp pivot arm 49allowing the UV lamp cluster to be positioned in a desired position andorientation. In a preferred orientation, as shown e.g., in FIGS. 24 and25, the UV light source points towards the bottom of a container.

In some embodiments, the UV lamp pivot arm 49 is attached to a UV lampstop block 50. The UV lamp stop block 50 stops the UV light source frombeing retracted too high into the telescoping arm 46.

In some embodiments, a means for attaching the UV device to a container,i.e., referred to as hanger in FIGS. 21-25, is used to attach the UVdevice to a container, a room, a space or defined environment. Thehanger can be attached to a pulley mount arm 51, to which also otherparts of the UV device can be attached, such as the motorized unit 1(also referred to as motor) and a winch 48. In some embodiments, thehanger comprises one or more hanger support bars 52 and a clamp post 53for firmly attaching the UV device to a container, a room, a space ordefined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention the means for moving the UVlight source to a desired position within a container, a room, a spaceor defined environment is the telescopic arm 46. The telescoping units47 of the telescopic arm 46 can be moved either manually, by gravity, orwith a motorized unit 1 (also referred to as motor). In someembodiments, the motorized unit 1 is attached to a reel assembly 54 andalso permits moving the UV light source from a horizontal position to avertical downwards position within the container (as described furtherherein) a room, a space or defined environment.

In some embodiments, the reel assembly 54 is attached to a pulley mountarm 51. In some embodiments, the reel assembly comprises one or more ofthe following: a reel assembly motor mount 55, a reel assembly idlerpost 57 for mounting the reel assembly 54 to the pulley mount bar 51, areel assembly top plate 58, one or more reel assembly flanges 59, a reelassembly hub 60, and a reel assembly drive post 61. A preferredconfiguration of those parts is shown in FIGS. 21-25.

The motorized unit 1 or gravity or a winch (manually) extends thetelescoping arm 46 comprising of multiple telescoping units 47 from afolded position (FIG. 21) and load position (FIG. 22) into the payoutposition (FIG. 23). In some embodiments, the motor 1 is connected to areel assembly 54 (shown in greater detail in FIGS. 21 E-G). In someembodiments, the motor 1 connects to the reel assembly 54 via a reelassembly motor unit 55 and a motor coupler 56.

In some embodiments of a UV device of the present invention, a UV devicecomprises a means for moving a UV light source from a vertical downwardsposition (also referred sometimes as first vertical downwards position)into a horizontal position. In some embodiments the means for moving theUV light source from the vertical downwards position into the horizontalposition is a winch 48. In other embodiments, the means for moving theUV light source from the vertical position into the horizontal positionis a motorized unit or a motor. A winch 48 may be operated manually byhand.

In some embodiments, a winch 48 is attached to the pulley mount arm 51and moves the telescoping arm 46 and the telescoping units 47 from thepayout position (FIG. 23; also referred to as first vertical downwardposition) into a horizontal position (FIG. 24). In some embodiments, awinch 48 comprises one or more of the following: a winch pulley guide62, a winch guide pulley shaft 63, a winch shaft 64, a winch hub 65, awinch top plate 66, one or more winch flanges 67, a winch ratchetretainer 68, a pawl 69, and a crank or handle 70. A preferredconfiguration of those parts is shown in FIGS. 21-25. A winch guidepulley shaft 63 allows the winch pulley guide 62 to rotate and reducefriction. In some embodiments, the winch shaft 64 allows the winch hub65 to spin and wind and unwind a cable 7. Cable 7 typically wraps aroundwinch hub 65. A winch top plate 66 adds structural integrity to thewinch assembly 48. A winch ratchet retainer 68 keeps the ratchet fromslipping off. In some embodiments, cable 7 connects the winch 48, morespecifically, the winch hub 65 with the UV light source so that the UVlight source can be moved e.g., from the horizontal position (FIG. 24)towards the bottom of the container, i.e., to a vertical position, morespecifically, to a second vertical downwards position. The length of thecable 7 is sufficient to allow the UV light source to be moved from thehorizontal position to a position close to the bottom of the container,i.e., into a second vertical downwards position and back into itshorizontal position (see FIG. 25).

In some embodiments, the outer telescoping unit 47 of the telescopic arm46 is attached to the bottom part of the pulley mount arm 51 by one ormore cross member support bars 71 and a cross bar stop plate 72. One endof the outer telescopic unit 47 is connected to a telescopic arm pivot73 allowing the telescoping arm to be moved from the loaded (FIG. 22) orlayout position (FIG. 23) into a horizontal position (FIG. 24).

In some embodiments, a UV device having a telescopic arm comprises oneor more of the following: a lifting eye 74 having a lifting eye base 75and a lifting eye side support 76 (e.g., FIGS. 21E, F). In someembodiments, the lifting eye 74 is attached to the outer telescopingunit 47 and to the pulley mount arm 51. The lifting eye 74 allowscarrying and transporting the UV device when not in use.

1. Load Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm

Generally, the positioning of a UV light source described herein into adesired or predetermined position can be done manually, by gravity, orby using a motor.

Unless permanently attached to a container, when practicing a method ofthe present invention, a UV device will be attached to a container 4 InFIG. 22, the attachment is schematically shown for a UV device having atelescopic arm 46 and referred to as load position. In the load positionsome parts of the UV device, such as the telescopic arm 46 and the UVlight source 5 are movably inserted through an opening at the container,such as a manhole or port 77 so that the telescopic arm pivot 73 isbelow the manhole 77.

2. Payout Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm (FirstVertical Position)

Once attached to a container 4 and released from its load configuration(see, FIG. 22), the telescoping units 47 of the telescopic arm 46 canmovably position the UV light source 5 (e.g., a UV lamp cluster) to anydesired position within a container and for practicing the methods ofthe present invention. In some embodiments for practicing methods of thepresent invention, the UV lamp cluster is moved from its released orload configuration vertically downwards towards the bottom of thecontainer. This vertical extension of the telescoping units 47 (unitsthat can be moved into each other) is shown schematically in FIG. 22.One or more interior telescoping units 47 move outwards of thetelescoping arm 46 into a vertical downwards position.

When practicing the invention using a UV device of the present having atelescopic arm 46, the UV device is moved from its load position intoits payout position. A UV device of the present invention in its payoutposition is schematically shown in FIG. 23. As described herein, a meansfor moving the UV light source to a first vertical downwards positionmoves the UV source into that position. In some embodiments, the meansfor moving the UV light source to the first vertical downwards positionis the telescopic arm 46 having telescoping units 47. In someembodiments, the means for moving the UV light source to a firstvertical downwards position is gravity.

The extent of the downward movement of the UV light source is determinedby a premounted radiofrequency identification chip (RFID chip) whichcontains information about the dimensions of the container and relaysthat information to a circuit board on the UV device. The extent of thefirst downward movement of the UV light source is determined mainly bythe diameter of the container and typically is about one half of thediameter of the container. For example, if the container has a diameterof 20 feet, the extent of the first downward movement of the UV lightsource is about 10 feet. This will guarantee that upon moving the UVlight source into the horizontal position (see below), the UV lightsource will be positioned in the approximate center of the container.

3. Horizontal Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm

When practicing the invention using a UV device of the present having atelescopic arm 46, the UV device (and as such, the UV light source) ismoved from its payout position (i.e., first vertical downwards position)into its horizontal position. The invention contemplates various meansfor moving the UV light source from the first vertical downwardsposition to a horizontal position. A UV device of the present inventionin its horizontal position is schematically shown in FIG. 24. Asdescribed herein, a means for moving the UV light source from the firstvertical downwards position to a horizontal position is a winch. In someembodiments, the means for moving the UV light source from the firstvertical downwards position to a horizontal position is a motorizedunit,

Upon activating the means for moving the UV light source from the firstvertical downwards position to the horizontal position, the UV devicepivots at the telescopic arm pivot 73 and the telescopic arm 46 and itstelescopic units 47 move from the first vertical downwards position tothe horizontal position. After positioning the UV device in itshorizontal position, the UV light source faces downwards into thecontainer and ideally is positioned within the approximate center of thecontainer to be sterilized (see FIG. 25).

The UV light source may be activated at any time while practicing amethod of the present invention. In some embodiments, when the UV lightsource is positioned in its horizontal position within the container,the UV light source is activated.

4. Lamp Down Position of a UV Device Having a Telescopic Arm (SecondVertical Position)

When practicing the invention using a UV device of the present having atelescopic arm 46, the UV device is moved from its horizontal positionto its lamp down position, also referred to herein as second verticaldownwards position. The invention contemplates various means for movingthe UV light source from the horizontal downwards position to the lampdown position. A UV device of the present invention in its secondvertical downwards position is schematically shown in FIG. 25. In someembodiments, the means for moving the UV light source from thehorizontal position to the second vertical downwards position is amotorized unit or a motor. In other embodiments, the means for movingthe UV light source from the horizontal position to the second verticaldownwards position is gravity. In some embodiments, the means for movingthe UV light source from the horizontal position to the second verticaldownwards position is a winch.

When the UV light source is moved towards the second vertical downwardsposition, a cable 7 connecting the UV light source 5 with the reelassembly 54, and the reel assembly hub 60 rolls off from the reelassembly hub 60 and moves the UV light source 5 downwards towards thebottom of the container. In some embodiments, the time for the downwardsmovement of the UV light source is controlled by a radiofrequencyidentification chip (RFID chip) or tag, which contain information aboutthe UV lamps used and dimensions of the container and relays thatinformation to a circuit board on the UV device and/or to the motor if amotor is being used for moving the UV light source into its secondvertical downwards position.

As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the larger theradius of the container is (i.e., the distance of the UV light source tothe interior wall of the container), the slower the speed will be withwhich the UV light source is moved from its horizontal position into itssecond vertical downwards position. Accordingly, the larger the radiusof the container is, the longer the descent will be with which the UVlight source is moved from its horizontal position into its secondvertical downwards position. The speed of the downwards movement or thedescent of the UV light source is adjusted to guarantee that the growthof one or more microorganism located on an interior surface of thecontainer is inhibited as described herein. In some non-limitingexamples, the speed with which the UV light source is moved from itshorizontal position into its second downwards vertical position is 12inches per minute.

Once the method of the invention has been practiced, the UV device ismoved from its lamp-down position (second vertical downwards position)into its horizontal position, then into its payout position (firstvertical downwards position) and then into its load position. At thattime, the UV device can be detached from the container or can remainattached to the container until the next use.

While moving into its second vertical downwards position, the UV lightsource remains activated to perform a method of the present invention,i.e., the UV sterilization of an interior surface of a container.

5. Additional Vertical Movements

In some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom comprises aUV lamp and a means for vertically moving the UV lamp from an upperposition within a container to a lower position of the container. Thesame means for moving the UV lamp from the upper position within acontainer, room, space or defined environment to the lower position ofthe container, room, space or defined environment can be used to movethe UV lamp from the lower position within the container, room, space ordefined environment to an upper position of the container, room, spaceor defined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a means for moving a UVlamp from an upper position within a container, room, space or definedenvironment to a lower position within a container, room, space ordefined environment and/or from a lower position within a container,room, space or defined environment to an upper position within acontainer, room, space or defined environment is by using an actuator.Thus, in some embodiments, a scissor boom comprises an actuator. Anexemplary scissor boom is shown in FIG. 19. A preferred means foreffectuating the vertical movement of the scissor boom is an actuator.

An actuator is a mechanical device for moving a UV lamp to a desiredposition within a container. In some embodiments, the actuator is alinear actuator. An actuator of the present invention actuates up anddown (or in a lateral direction) and moves a cross bar with iteffectively extending and retracting a scissor mechanism (FIG. 19).

In some embodiments, the linear actuator is mounted to a bracket.

In some embodiments, the linear actuator 37 is a DC linear actuator. Insome embodiments, the linear actuator 37 is an AC linear actuator.

The force of the actuator can vary significantly, however, will besufficient to move a UV lamp to a desired position within a container.In some embodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 100 lbs. Insome embodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 200 lbs. In someembodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 300 lbs. In someembodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 500 lbs. In someembodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 750 lbs. In someembodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 1,000 lbs. In someembodiments, the force of an actuator is at least 1,200 lbs.

6. Additional Horizontal Movements

In some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom comprises aUV lamp and a means for horizontally moving the UV lamp from an innerposition of a container to an outer position of the container. The samemeans for moving the UV lamp from the inner position of the container tothe outer position of the container can be used to move the UV lamp fromthe outer position of the container to an inner position of thecontainer.

Effectuating a horizontal movement of a scissor boom, i.e., extending ascissor boom from its folded position to its extended position can bedone manually or via a motorized unit. Manual extension of a scissorboom to a desired position can be done when the distance between the UVlamp(s) and the inner wall of the container is constant, i.e., in acontainer with straight walls and where the interior diameter throughoutthe height of a container will be constant.

Some containers, such as wooden wine barrels, however, often do not havestraight walls. In those containers, the interior diameter of acontainer varies. The diameter typically is smallest at the top andbottom of the container and the greatest at the middle of the container.For those containers a controllable motorized extension and retractionof the scissor boom is preferred.

Thus, in some embodiments extending a scissor boom to a desired positionis performed by a motorized unit, also referred to as a motor unit. Insome embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom comprises amotor unit for effectuating the horizontal movement of a UV lamp mountedto a second end of the scissor boom to an inner wall of a container. Themotor unit then essentially expands the scissor units of the scissorboom so that the UV lamp(s) mounted at the opposite end (outer end) ofthe scissor boom than the motor unit can be positioned at a desiredposition within a container. Upon activation of the scissor mechanism,the one or more UV lamps attached to the outer end of the scissor boommove from its (their) folded position (FIG. 19A) towards an extendedposition (FIG. 19B). This movement is horizontally towards the innerwall of a container (and backwards to its folded position). In itsextended position, the UV lamps of the scissor boom are close to theinner wall of the container so that when activated (switched on), thedesired effect on the microorganisms present on the wall of thecontainer will be achieved (as described herein).

In some embodiments, the motorized unit is attached to the first end ofscissor boom. In some embodiments, a sensor is attached to the scissorboom. The sensor can be attached to the second end of the scissor boom,e.g., in close proximity to a UV lamp. In some embodiments, the sensor,such as a laser range finder described herein, is attached to slidingrail 40. The sensor measures the distance from the UV lamp(s) to thewall of the container. The sensor is connected to the motorized unit forextending and retracting the scissor boom. The sensor effectivelyguarantees that the UV lamp(s) are positioned in the same distance tothe inner wall of the container. In case where the sensor senses thatthe UV lamp(s) is too far away from the inner wall of the container, itsends a signal to the motor unit, which then extends the scissormechanism accordingly allowing the UV lamp(s) to be moved closer to theinner wall of the container until a desired position is achieved.Likewise, should the sensor sens that the UV lamp(s) are too close tothe inner wall of the container, it sends a signal to the motor unit,which then retracts the scissor mechanism accordingly allowing the UVlamp(s) to move further away from the inner wall of the container untila desired position is achieved. Thus, the sensor is connected to themotor unit.

A preferred means for effectuating the horizontal movement of thescissor boom is an actuator.

7. Circular Movement

In some embodiments of the present invention, a scissor boom comprises aUV lamp and a means for circular moving one or more UV lamp(s) from oneposition within a container, room, space or defined environment toanother position of the container, room, space or defined environment. Amotorized unit (motor unit) can be used to effectuate the circularmovement of the one or more UV lamp(s). Preferably, a sensor is attachedto the second end of the scissor boom and sends signals to a secondmotorized unit (motor unit) for extending and/or retracting the scissormechanisms to adjust for the respective distance between the UV lamp(s)and the inner wall of the container, room, space or defined environment.

A scissor boom can be mounted at its first end to an inner wall of acontainer, room, space or defined environment or to a (removable)bracket as shown e.g., in FIG. 10 for a container. When mounted to aninner wall of a container at a first position or a bracket, the circularmotion of the scissor boom is somewhat limited. The UV lamp(s) will, forexample, not cover, and thus, not efficiently sterilize, the wall partof the inner container to which the scissor boom is mounted, i.e., thefirst position. Microorganisms present at around the first position maynot be growth inhibited to the extent desired. This limitation caneasily be overcome by mounting the scissor boom to the opposite positionof its first mounting position, i.e., into a second position, and repeatthe UV sterilization process.

To overcome the need for repositioning the scissor boom and to permit acomplete circular rotation, in some embodiments of the presentinvention, a scissor boom is mounted to a central post, which can bepositioned in the center of a container. In this embodiment, thecircular motion of the scissor boom is such that it allows to cover 360°of the container, room, space or defined environment i.e., the completeinner walls of the container, room, space or defined environment. Thecentral post may reach to the bottom of the container and/or may beconnected to a lid of the container or, alternatively to a bracketresting on top of the container for stabilization and desiredpositioning.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the circular movement of ascissor boom (when extended) is done manually by pivoting the UV device.The UV device may be set in a position upon installation in the centerof a container, room, space or defined environment that will allow thescissor boom to extend from the center of the container, room, space ordefined environment to the outer region of the container, room, space ordefined environment. Alternatively, the UV device may be set in aposition upon installation at a wall of a container, room, space ordefined environment that will allow the scissor boom to extend from thewall of the container, room, space or defined environment to the outerregion of the container, room, space or defined environment.

The speed of the circular motion of the scissor boom is adjusted toobtain a desired effect, i.e., the growth inhibition of microorganismspresent on the inner wall of the container, or in a desired area in theroom, space or defined environment.

While individual parts of UV devices have been set forth herein anddescribed in detail, below, some specific portable UV devices will bedescribed in greater detail below. One of ordinary skill in that art,however, will be able, upon reading this specification to add additionalparts and components to those portable UV devices that are notspecifically mentioned in the description of those specific portable UVdevices.

N. UV Device UV55 Family

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a UV devicereferred to herein as Model UV55 family. An exemplary member of a UV55device family is schematically depicted in FIGS. 28 and 29 and explainedin detail below and herein.

UV device UV55 comprises an 18″ single ended low pressure mercury lamp 5supplied by Steril-Aire (FIG. 28H). The UV lamp 5 is attached to thebase of a cylindrical plastic (Delrin) central sleeve 12 by a UV lampsocket or adaptor 94 (FIG. 28G) The UV lamp pins 93 plug into the UVlamp socket or adaptor 94 (FIGS. 28 G, H) The UV lamp socket or adaptor94 is attached to a cylindrical central sleeve 12 (FIG. 28G).

The cylindrical central sleeve 12 comprises two cavities, a circuitboard cavity 99 and a power supply cavity 100 (FIG. 28E). A power supply96 resides within the power supply cavity 100 (FIG. 28E). Within thepower supply cavity 100 also reside a connector and wires 105 from thepower supply 96 to the UV lamp 5 (FIG. 28E).

Within the circuit board cavity 99 reside an AC to DC power converter101, electronic components 102, a circuit board 103 as well as aconnector and wires 104 from on/off/reset switch 85 and optical switch98 (FIG. 28E)

Also within the aforementioned cavities 99 and 100 are connector andwires 106 connecting the power supply 96 and the AC to DC powerconverter 101 (FIG. 28E)

Cavities 99 and 100 can be accessed through a power supply access plate97, which is screwed by a plurality of screws to the central sleeve 12to cover the cavities 99 and 100 and protect the power supply 96,circuit board 103 and other components residing within the cavities 99and 100 (FIGS. 28A, E).

The top of the UV device embodiment UV55 comprises a hanging hook 84,and an on/off/reset button 85 (FIGS. 28A, B, D, F). The on/off/resetbutton 85 activates and terminates the UV device. The hanging hook 84 isattached to a handle cap 92, which forms the top part of a handle 91(FIGS. 28A, B, D, F). Handle 91 is a narrower extension of the centralsleeve 12 (FIGS. 28A, B, D, F).

At the lower end of handle 91 is a metal disc 89 protecting atranslucent blue plastic ring 87, which may or may not comprise aplurality of LED lights inside (FIGS. 28A, B, D-F). Partially protrudingfrom the translucent blue plastic ring 87 is an entrance for an externalpower cord 90 (FIGS. 28A, B, D-F).

A stainless steel housing 2 slides over the cylindrical sleeve 12however does not extend beyond the plastic blue translucent ring 87(FIGS. 28A, C, D-G). When the unit is not mounted on the lid 29 of acontainer 4 (such as a keg, a drum, a barrel, a porta tank, etc.) thestainless steel housing 2 is extended to cover the length of the UV lamp5 so that none of it is exposed or visible from the outside when the UVdevice stands on its base plate 10 (FIG. 28A).

A stopping plate 88 is mounted at the bottom of the central sleeve 12 toprevent the steel housing 2 from sliding off (FIG. 28C).

A plastic (Delrin) base plate 10 is attached to the bottom of thestainless steel housing 2. This provides a stable platform for the unitto stand upright when not in use.

The UV55 device comprises a central sleeve tightening knob 86 on theside of the stainless steel housing 2. It locks the housing 2 into aposition on the central sleeve 12 at a predetermined position selectedby a user. It is tightened by screwing clockwise and loosened byunscrewing counter clockwise. When central sleeve tightening knob 86 istightened on the stainless steel housing 2 in the fully extendedposition (housing 2 positioned at the bottom part of central sleeve 12;see FIG. 28A), the UV device can be stood upright on the plastic baseplate 10. When the central sleeve tightening knob 86 is loosened, the UVdevice can be mounted over any 2-3″ lid opening 29 and the plasticcylindrical sleeve 12 descends through the steel housing 2 (see FIGS.28D, 29). Since the UV lamp 5 is attached to the bottom of the centralsleeve 12 it will then be residing within the container 4 (FIG. 29).

As the stainless steel housing 2 passes over the optical switch 98within the plastic sleeve 12 it starts a timer controlled by the circuitboard 103. As the timer sequence begins, acoustic and visual signals aregenerated. The acoustic signal is made audible by an acoustic speakerresiding in the handle cap 91. The optical switch does, however, notstart or stop the activation of the UV device. The visual signal leadsto the intermittent blinking of a plurality of LED lights residingbehind the translucent plastic ring 87. The blinking of the LED lightsindicates how much time has elapsed, i.e., the time a sterilizationcycle has been activated.

O. UV Device BM1 Family

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV devicedepicted in FIGS. 38-41 and referred to herein as a UV device of the UVdevice Model BM1 family (“BM1”). This UV device embodiment comprises ahousing 2, which is attached on top of a frame 6 (see FIGS. 38A, B). Thehousing 2 harbors and shields a single UV lamp 5 (see FIGS. 38A, B). Assuch, in its undeployed state but attached to a container 4, the UVlight source is positioned in a horizontal position with respect to theorientation of the container 4. The housing 2 conforms to the shape,size and length of the UV lamp 5 (see FIGS. 38A, B)

The frame 6 comprises a first side and a second side, which areconnected to each other, e.g., by cross member support bars 71 (seeFIGS. 38A, B). The frame 6 of BM1 may be described as having an L-shapedform wherein a motorized unit 1, a mounting bracket 3, a reel assembly54, reel assembly flanges 59, a handle 91, a cable tightening spring 123may be attached to the shorter arm of the L (see FIGS. 38A, B). Thehousing 2, a second cable guide wheel 121 may be attached to the longerarm of the L (see FIGS. 38A, B). To provide for a light-weight frame 6,in some embodiments, the frame 6 comprises one or more openings 122 (seeFIGS. 38A, B). The frame 6 can be made of various materials.Non-limiting materials include aircraft aluminum and stainless steel. Itcan also be made from composite materials, carbon fiber, and polymers.

UV device model BM1 comprises a handle 91 attached to frame 6. Handle 91conveniently provides for transportation (e.g., hand carrying) andstoring BM1. In addition to the handle 91, BM1 also comprises a mountingbracket 3 as a means for attaching it to an opening (e.g., a manhole orport 77) of a container 4.

The UV lamp 5 of UV device Model BM1 is attached to a UV lampsocket/adaptor 94. UV lamp socket/adaptor 94 is attached to a cable 7,which in turn is attached to a reel assembly 54 (being flanked by reelassembly flanges 59). The cable 7 should]d not be too thick; otherwisethe bend radius will too large and it will be difficult to coil thecable 7 and store it in addition to being too heavy. The cable 7 (andother parts employed in the UV devices described herein) should also beUV resistant, preferably also water resistant.

BM1 comprises two cable guide wheels, a first cable guide wheel 120 anda second cable guide wheel 121. The first cable guide wheel ispositioned in close proximity to the reel assembly 54 and may have asingle track for guiding cable 7. The second cable wheel 121 ispositioned at the end of the long arm of the L-shaped frame 6 and maycomprises a track 124.

Cable 7, unwinding from reel assembly 54 is guided onto a track on thefirst cable guide wheel 120. Upon releasing UV lamp 5 from the housing 2(see below), UV lamp 5 and cable 7 move onto a first track 124 of thesecond cable guide wheel 121. The movement of the UV lamp 5 out of thehousing 2 and onto the second cable wheel guide is schematicallydepicted in FIG. 40A. Upon further moving out of the housing 2, UV lamp5 eventually completely passes over the second cable wheel guide 121 andthe cable 7 continues to slide on top of the first track 124 of thesecond cable wheel guide 121 (see FIG. 40B). Thereby the UV lamp 5 ismoved from a horizontal position (see FIG. 40A) into a first verticalposition (see FIG. 40B). Upon further descending UV lamp 5 downwardlyinto the interior of a container, cable 7 further slides on top of thefirst track 124 of the second cable wheel guide 121 and the UV lamp 5moves from the first vertical position (see FIG. 40B) downwardly into asecond vertical position (see FIG. 40C).

In some embodiments of UV device Model BM1, the UV lamp 5 within thehousing 2 is spring-loaded. Upon opening the spring 43, UV lamp 5 beginsmoving out of the housing 2. The moving of UV lamp 5 out of the housing2 may be further aided a cable tightening spring 123 (see FIGS. 38A, B).

In some embodiments of UV device Model BM1, a motorized unit 1 activatesthe reel assembly 54. In some embodiments of UV device Model BM1, the UVdevice comprises an additional motor 133, which drives its torqueperpendicular to its axis (see FIG. 39B).

FIGS. 39A-C schematically depict preferred, however, non-limitingdimensions of UV device Model BM1. For example, handle 91 may be about20″ in width and about 1″ in diameter (see FIG. 39A). The first side andthe second side of frame 6 may be apart by about 1.75″ (see FIG. 39B).The height of UV device Model BM1, measured from the handle 91 in itsvertical position and the center of the second cable wheel guide 121 isabout between 33″ and 34″ (see FIG. 39C) The length of UV device ModelBM1, measured from the outmost part of frame 6 at the lower end of itsL-shaped form and the center of the second cable wheel guide 121 isabout between 77″ and 78″ (see FIG. 39C). The second cable wheel guide121 has a diameter of about between 7″ and 8″ (see FIG. 39C). Havingprovided the above dimensions, one of ordinary skill in the art candetermine dimensions of other parts schematically depicted in FIGS.39A-C, in addition to conveniently vary the dimensions given in FIGS.39A-39C.

UV device Model BM1 is designed to be attached to an opening of acontainer 4, preferably to an opening, e.g., a manhole or port 77 of acontainer 4 located on the upper perimeter of the container 4 (see FIG.41). The attachment of BM1 to the opening of the container is done usingthe mounting bracket 3. Once attached, the device is activated and theUV lamp 5 moves out of the housing 2 as described herein. Uponcompletion of the sanitization cycle, the UV lamp 5 is moved back intoits undeployed configuration (see FIGS. 38A, B) by reversing themovements described above. The movements may be controlled by amotorized unit 1.

While the above described various parts and features of UV device ModelBM1 (see FIGS. 38A, B), one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciatethat any arrangement or positioning of parts described can be variedwithout deviating from the scope of the invention. In addition, UVdevice Model BM1 depicted schematically in FIGS. 38-41 may comprise anyadditional component described herein, such as a circuit board, etc.

P. UV Device BM2 Family

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV devicedepicted in FIGS. 42-45 and referred to herein as a UV device of the UVdevice Model BM2 family (“BM2”). This UV device embodiment comprises ahousing 2, which is attached to a pivot arm 118 (see FIGS. 42-45). Thepivot arm 118 is attached to a frame 6 (see FIGS. 42-45). The housing 2harbors and shields a UV lamp cluster comprising eight (8) UV lamp 5(see FIGS. 42-45). In its undeployed state but attached to a container4, the UV light source is positioned in a horizontal position withrespect to the orientation of the container 4. The housing 2 conforms tothe shape, size and length of the UV lamp cluster (see FIGS. 42-45). Inthe UV device embodiment shown in FIGS. 42-45, the housing 2 does notcompletely shield the UV lamp cluster, but rather provides a three ringlike structure surrounding the UV lamp cluster. In other embodiments,the housing 2 completely shields the UV lamp cluster.

The frame 6 comprises a first side and a second side, which areconnected to each other, e.g., by cross member support bars 71 (seeFIGS. 42-45). The frame 6 of BM2 may be described as having a bendedL-shaped form. To provide for a light-weight frame 6, in someembodiments, the frame 6 comprises one or more openings 122. (see FIGS.42-45)

In some embodiments of the UV device Model BM2, a box 127 (also referredto as control box) is positioned at the end of the short arm of the “L”of frame 6. Box 127 can either be permanently attached to the UV deviceor be attached removably via cables or plugs. Box 127 may include otherparts and components of a UV device that may be desirably not bedirectly attached to the frame 6. In some embodiments, box 127 comprisesa circuit board having a functionality as described herein and beingconnected to the UV lamp ballast/power supply and motor(s) throughelectrical cables, wires or connectors. In some embodiments, box 127comprises a ballast/power supply connected to the UV lamps throughelectrical cables, wires or connectors. In some embodiments box 127comprises a motor controlling extension, descent, ascent, and othermovements of a UV light source, the motor being connected by electricalcables or connectors to a UV light source (multiple electrical cables,wires or connectors could be integrated and combined into a singularone). The motor is also controlled by the circuit board throughelectrical cables, wires or connectors. In some embodiments, box 127comprises a touchscreen user interface. The touchscreen user interfaceis connected to the circuit board by electrical cables, wires orconnectors, In some embodiments of, box 127 comprises a wirelesscommunication device. A wireless communication device includes, but isnot limited to, e.g., a wireless transponder and/or transceiver to sendor receive wireless signals to a user. The wireless communication deviceis connected to the circuit board through electrical cables, wires orconnectors. In some embodiments, box 127 comprises part selected fromthe group consisting of a UV detector, a range-finding device, a reelassembly, reel assembly flanges, an optical switch, an AV to DC powerconverter, and an electronic component.

UV device model BM2 comprises a motorized unit 1 attached to frame 6 orbox 127 (see FIGS. 42, 43)

BM2 also comprises a mounting bracket 3 as a means for attaching it toan opening (e.g., a manhole or port 77) of a container 4 (see FIGS.42-45).

On their first end, the UV lamps 5 of UV device Model BM2 are attachedto a UV lamp socket/adaptor 94 (see FIGS. 42, 45) UV lampsocket/adaptors 94 are attached to an upper plate 42, which in turn isattached to a cable 7. Cable 7 is attached to a reel assembly 54 locatedwithin box 127 (as such, reel assembly 54 is not shown in FIGS. 42-45).On their second end, the UV lamps 5 are attached to a lower plate 45. Insome embodiments, attachment of the UV lamps to the lower plate 45 is bysprings 43 (see FIG. 45).

BM2 comprises two or more cable guide wheels, a first cable guide wheel128 and a second cable guide wheel 130, and optionally, a third cableguide wheel 132 (see FIGS. 42, 43, 45). The first cable guide wheel 128is positioned in between the first and second sides of frame 6. Thefirst cable guide wheel 128 has a first track 129, on which the cable 7can slide (see FIGS. 42-45). The second cable wheel 130 is positioned atthe upper end of the pivot arm 118 and comprises a second track 131 onwhich cable 7 can slide (see FIGS. 42-45). A third cable wheel guide maybe positioned in close proximity to the reel assembly 54 and has a thirdtrack for guiding cable 7 (see FIGS. 42, 43, 45).

Cable 7, unwinding from reel assembly 54 is guided onto the first trackon the first cable guide wheel 128, further onto the second track on thesecond cable guide wheel 130 and to its attachment at an upper plate 42,to which the UV light source is attached (see FIGS. 42-45). In someembodiments, cable 7 slides onto a third track of a third cable guidewheel 132, as schematically depicted in FIGS. 42, 43, and 45.

When UV device Model BM2 is attached to an opening of a container 4 inits undeployed position, the UV light source will be positioned in ahorizontal position with respect to the container 4. BM2 comprises apivot arm 118 as a means for moving the UV light source from thehorizontal position (see FIG. 42) into a first vertical position (seeFIG. 43). Upon moving the pivot arm, the housing 2, which is attached tothe pivot arm also moves into a first vertical position and the secondcable guide wheel 130 moves into an upwardly position (compare FIG. 42to FIG. 43). As schematically depicted in FIG. 44, after attaching theUV device to an opening (e.g., manhole or port 77) of a container 4 andupon further unwinding of rope 7 from a reel assembly, the UV lightsource (in BM2 the UV light source is a cluster of eight UV lamps 5) isreleased from its housing 2 and moves from the first vertical positiondownwardly into a second vertical position. At any time during thedownwardly movement to its second vertical position and upon releasefrom its housing 2, the UV lamps 5 of the UV lamp cluster may be fullydeployed and be positioned into an angled position with respect to eachother (see FIG. 45). A preferred mechanism to position the UV lamps 5 inan angled arrangement is using springs 43.

Upon releasing UV lamp 5 from the housing 2, cable 7 slides onto a firsttrack 129 of the first cable guide wheel 128 and onto the second track131 of the second cable wheel guide 130 as schematically depicted inFIGS. 44 and 45.

In some embodiments of UV device Model BM2, a motorized unit 1 activatesa reel assembly. In some embodiments of UV device Model BM2, the UVdevice comprises an additional motor 133, which drives its torqueperpendicular to its axis (similar to UV device Model BM1 shown in FIG.39B).

UV device Model BM2 is designed to be attached to an opening of acontainer 4, preferably to an opening, e.g., a manhole or port 77 of acontainer 4 located on the upper perimeter of the container 4 (see FIG.44). The attachment of BM2 to the opening of the container is done usingthe mounting bracket 3. Once attached, the device is activated and theUV lamps 5 move out of the housing 2 as described herein. Uponcompletion of the sanitization cycle, the UV lamps 5 are moved back intotheir undeployed configuration (see FIG. 42) by reversing the movementsdescribed above. The movements may be controlled by a motorized unit 1and/or motor 133.

While the above described various parts and features of UV device ModelBM2 (see FIGS. 42-45), one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciatethat any arrangement or positioning of parts described can be variedwithout deviating from the scope of the invention. In addition, UVdevice Model BM2 depicted schematically in FIGS. 42-45 may comprise anyadditional component described herein, such as a circuit board, etc.

Q. UV Device BM3 Family

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV devicedepicted in FIGS. 46-48 and referred to herein as a UV device of the UVdevice Model BM3 family (“BM3”). This UV device embodiment may comprisean optional housing 2. The embodiments of UV device Model BMr shown inFIGS. 46-48 do not include a housing 2. In embodiments, wherein UVdevice Model BM3 comprises a housing 2, the housing 2 may be manuallyremoved from the device prior to is use.

FIGS. 46A-E schematically depict UV device BM3 from several views.

BM3 comprises a frame 6 to which other parts of the UV device areattached. The frame 6 comprises a first side and a second side, whichare connected to each other, e.g., by cross member support bars 71 (notshown in figures). The frame 6 of BM3 may be described as having a longrectangular shaped form and having two ends, a first end and a secondend (see FIGS. 46-48). To provide for a light-weight frame 6, in someembodiments, the frame 6 comprises one or more openings 122 (see FIG.47C).

A handle 91 is attached to the first end of frame 6 In combination withthe wheels 114 (see below), the handle allows easy maneuvering from afirst position into a second position within a container 4, in additionto convenient transportation (e.g., hand carrying) and storing BM3.

At both ends of the frames are support structures attached whichcomprise wheels 114, preferably two wheels 114 at either side of thesupport structure so that UV device Model BM3 comprises a plurality ofwheels 114, more specifically, four (4) wheels 114 (see FIGS. 46-48)Preferably, the plurality of wheels are swiveling so that the device canbe easily maneuvered around from a first position into a second positionwithin a container 4.

A pivot arm 118 is attached to the second end of the frame 6. The pivotarm 118 comprises two ends, a first end and a second end. The first endof the pivot arm 118 is attached to the second end of frame 6. Thesecond end of the pivot arm 118 is attached to central post 16.

Attached to the pivot arm 118 is a central post 16. The central post 16comprises two ends, a first end and a second end. The first end of thecentral post 16 is attached to the second end of the pivot arm 118. Thesecond end of the central post 16 is attached to an upper plate 42 (seeFIGS. 46-48). In some embodiments of the UV device BM3, the central post16 is extendable so that the upper plate 42 and the UV lamps 5 attachedthereto can be moved further upwardly. A central post 16 within UVdevice Model BM3 can also have an arrangement and configuration asschematically depicted in FIGS. 6-12

Attached to the upper plate 42 is at least one UV lamp 5. In someembodiments of UV device Model BM3, a UV lamp cluster is attached to theupper plate 42. For example, FIGS. 46-48 show the attachment of eight(8) UV lamps to the upper plate 42 of BM3. As with other UV devicesdescribed herein, the attachment of UV lamps 5 to the upper plate occursvia UV lamp socket/adaptors 94 (see FIG. 47A)

FIGS. 47A-C schematically depict preferred, however, non-limitingdimensions of UV device Model BM3. For example, deployed UV lamps 5 maybe arranged having a diameter of about 40″ (see FIG. 47A). The wheels114 at one end of the frame and attached to the support structure may beapart by about 17″ and the upper plate may be between 10″ and 11″ (seeFIG. 47B). The height of UV device Model BM3, measured from the top ofthe upper plate 42 to the center of wheel 114 is about between 77″ and78″ (see FIG. 47C). The length of UV device Model BM3, measured from theoutmost part of pivot arm 118 in its upright position to the handle 91(including) is about 90″ (see FIG. 47C). The wheels 114 have a radius ofabout 1″ (see FIG. 47C). The height of the handle 91 to the center ofwheel 114 is about between 17″ and 18″ (see FIG. 47C). Having providedthe above dimensions, one of ordinary skill in the art can determinedimensions of other parts schematically depicted in FIGS. 46-48, inaddition to conveniently vary the dimensions given in FIGS. 46-48.

In some embodiments of UV device Model BM3, a motorized unit 1 activatespivot arm 118. In some embodiments of UV device Model BM3, the pivot armis moved manually from its horizontal position into its verticalposition.

UV device Model BM3 is designed to be moved inwardly through an openingof a container 4, preferably through an opening, e.g., a manhole or port77 of a container 4 located at a lower sidewall of a container (see FIG.48). When moved inwardly into a container 4, the UV light source of UVdevice Model BM3 resides on top of frame 6, i.e., in a horizontalposition (see FIG. 48A). Upon moving the pivot arm 118 from itshorizontal position into a vertical position, the UV lamps 5 are alsomoved from their initial horizontal position into a first verticalposition (see FIG. 48B). Upon extending central post 16 upwardly intothe interior of a container 4, the UV lamps 5 move from the firstvertical position (see FIG. 48C) upwardly into a second verticalposition (see FIG. 48D).

Upon completion of the sanitization cycle, the UV lamps 5 are moved backinto their undeployed configuration (see FIG. 48A) by reversing themovements described above. The movements may be controlled by amotorized unit 1.

While FIGS. 46-48 schematically depict the UV lamp cluster of UV deviceModel BM3 open in a con-like fashion and having the UV lamps 5 pointeddownwardly, in some embodiments of UV device Model BM3, the opening ofthe UV lamp cluster and deployment of UV lamps 5 is inverted so that theUV lamps 5 open in a cone-like fashion, but face upwardly. A similarconfiguration and mode of opening is schematically depicted in FIGS. 7,32 and 33. Such an upwardly facing configuration can be accomplished,e.g., by attaching the upper plate 42 to the pivot arm 118. Uponerecting pivot arm 118 into its vertical position, the upper plate 42 towhich the UV lamps 5 are attached will also be moved into a firstvertical position, wherein the UV lamps are facing upwards with respectto the positioning of the upper plate 42. In that situation, the upperplate 42 may be better referred to as a lower plate. As depicted in FIG.48D, upon extension of central post 16, the UV cluster/UV lamps 5 canthen be further moved from the first vertical position to a secondvertical position.

While the above described various parts and features of UV device ModelBM3 (see FIGS. 46-48), one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciatethat any arrangement or positioning of parts described can be variedwithout deviating from the scope of the invention. In addition, UVdevice Model BM3 depicted schematically in FIGS. 46-48 may comprise anyadditional component described herein, such as a circuit board, etc.

R. UV Device UVT-4 Family

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is a portableUV device depicted in FIGS. 51-67 and referred to herein as a member ofUV device Model UVT-4 (“UVT-4”) family. While referred to collectivelyas UVT-4, the portable UV devices UVT-4 comprise various embodiments. Asa characteristic feature, all members of the UVT-4 family of portable UVdevices comprise a lower frame 146, an upper frame, a first hinge (orpivot) 145, at least one first germicidal UV light source, and at leastat least one second germicidal UV light source.

1. Lower Frame

In some embodiments, the lower frame 146 comprises a first lower frameend 148 and a second lower frame end 153. In some embodiments asdescribed herein and as shown in FIGS. 51-67, additional parts areattached to the lower frame 146, and, in particular to either firstlower frame end 148 or second lower frame end 153.

Preferably, the lower frame 146 is made of stainless steel. Partsattached to it may be also made of stainless steel or of aluminum. Thelower frame 146 of a UVT-4 family member of portable UV devices may bedescribed as having a rectangular shaped form and comprising four sides,i.e., a first (left) side, a second (right) side, an upper side and alower side and two ends, i.e., a first lower frame end 148 and a secondlower frame end 153 (see FIGS. 52, 53, 58). While the drawings for aUVT-4 UV device depict an exemplary rectangular lower frame 146, thelower frame can also be round, oval or irregularly shaped. In someembodiments, to provide for a light-weight lower frame 146, in someembodiments, the lower frame 146 comprises one or more openings 122.

In some embodiments, the lower side of the lower frame 146 comprises acoating 169. A preferred coating is a plastic coating. Another preferredcoating is a teflon coating. Another preferred coating is ultra-highmolecular weight polyethylene UHMP. An exemplary coating 169 is shown,e.g., in FIG. 58.

In some embodiments, the second lower frame end 153 comprises a firstside plate 162 and a second side plate 163. Preferably, the form thereofis rounded, but may also be not rounded. In some embodiments, a sideplate spacer 161 connects the first side plate 162 to the second sideplate 163. As with all frames of UV devices, the first side plate 162and the second side plate 163 may comprise openings 122.

In some embodiments, a set of wheels 114 is attached to the first sideplate 162 and to the second side plate 163, so that each side plate hasat least one wheel attached to it. Wheels 114 facilitate moving andpositioning of the portable UV device in a container, a room, a space ordefined environment. The material for making the wheels is not critical.For example, the wheels can be made of plastic, metal or wood. Preferredare plastic wheels. In some embodiments, the wheels 114 are swiveling sothat the UV device can be easily maneuvered around from a first positioninto a second position within a container 4, a room, a space or within adefined environment. In some embodiments, the wheels 114 are attached ina fixed position and adapted to move the UV device forward and backwardsinto a desired position within a container 4, a room, a space or withina defined environment.

In some embodiments, the second lower frame end 153 comprises a crossconnector 164. The cross connector has at least one opening 166 suitablefor accommodating a UV lamp socket/adaptor 94 and for attaching at leastone first germicidal UV light source. In embodiments, wherein theportable UV device comprises more than one at least first germicidal UVlight source, for each additional first germicidal UV light source, thecross connector 164 comprises an additional opening 166 into which anadditional UV lamp socket 94 can be inserted.

As depicted in FIG. 67, when the upper frame and lower frame areattached to each other, the second upper frame end 152, is positioned inbetween the first side plate 162 and the second side plate 163 of thelower frame 164 and is fastened to an upper side of both the first sideplate 162 and the second side plate 163 so that the upper frame can bemoved from the horizontal position with respect to the position of thelower frame 164 (as depicted in FIG. 67) into an angular positionranging from about 0 to 90 degrees with respect to the lower frame. Suchmovement is possible because fasteners 177 do not hold the upper framein a rigid position, but rather, upon activation a means for controllingor facilitating movement of the upper frame to an angular position withrespect to the position of the lower frame 146, permit the upper frameto swing into such angular position.

In some embodiments, a handle 91 is attached to the lower frame 146. Thehandle 91 allows easy maneuvering of the portable UV device from a firstposition into a second position within a container 4, a room, a space orwithin a defined environment, in addition to convenient transportation(e.g., hand carrying) and storing.

In some embodiments, a second anchoring post 168 for anchoring anextension spring 165 (see below) is attached to the lower frame 146.

In some embodiments the handle 91 is part of the second anchoring post168. An exemplary embodiment of a portable UV device comprising sucharrangement is shown in FIG. 66.

In some embodiment, a T-shaped cap 175 is attached to the first lowerframe end 148. A bulb clamp 176 may be in between the T-shaped cap 175and the first lower frame end 148. The T-shaped cap 175 keeps the bulbclamp 176 in place.

In some embodiments, the first lower frame end 148 comprises at leastone opening 166 suitable for accommodating a UV lamp socket/adaptor 94and for attaching at least one first germicidal UV light source. Inembodiments, wherein the portable UV device comprises more than one atleast first germicidal UV light source, for each additional firstgermicidal UV light source, the cross connector 164 comprises anadditional opening 166 into which an additional UV lamp socket 94 can beinserted.

In some embodiments, the length of the lower frame is determined by thelength of the UV light sources, i.e., the UV lamps. As depicted, e.g.,in FIG. 66, the first lower frame end 148 and the second lower frame end153 are spaced apart to accommodate the UV light source, i.e., the UVlamp, which is attached to UV lamp sockets 94 that are attached toeither lower frame end.

In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises a means forattaching the portable UV device, temporarily or permanently for thetime of sanitization to an opening of a container 4, to a fixture in aroom, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment. In someembodiments, such means is a mounting bracket or hanger 3. In someembodiments, the mounting bracket or hanger 3 comprises a brackettightening knob 149. Upon engaging of the mounting bracket or hanger 3with an opening of a container 4, a fixture in a room, or with a fixturein or at a defined environment, the bracket tightening knob 149 can befastened so to keep the portable UV device in position for a desiredtime.

A means for attaching the portable UV device, temporarily or permanentlyfor the time of sanitization to an opening of a container 4, to afixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment can beattached to a portable in a several ways. As a non-limiting example, themeans for attaching the portable UV device, temporarily or permanentlyfor the time of sanitization to an opening of a container 4, to afixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment isattached to the lower frame 146 via a second hinge 174. Such exemplaryarrangement is shown, e.g., in FIGS. 52, 59, 63, 64 and 66. In someembodiments, the second hinge 174 movably connects the lower frame 146to the means for attaching the portable UV device, temporarily orpermanently for the time of sanitization to an opening of a container 4,to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a defined environment.

In some embodiments, the means for attaching the portable UV device,temporarily or permanently for the time of sanitization to an opening ofa container 4, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at adefined environment, comprises additional parts useful for performing anadditional function of the portable UV device, e.g., moving the upperframe of the portable UV device into an angular position with respect tothe lower frame 146. Thus, in some embodiments, the means for attachingthe portable UV device, temporarily or permanently for the time ofsanitization to an opening of a container 4, to a fixture in a room, orto a fixture in or at a defined environment, comprises a first rope post150. In some embodiments, such means further comprises a second ropepost 151. Exemplary and non-limiting arrangements are shown in FIGS. 52,59, 63, and 66. The functionality of the rope posts will be describedfurther below.

2. Upper Frame

In some embodiments, the upper frame comprises a first upper frame end147 and a second upper frame end 152. In some embodiments as describedherein and as shown in FIGS. 51-67, additional parts are attached toeither first upper frame end 147 or second upper frame end 152.

In some embodiment, a T-shaped cap 175 is attached to each of the firstupper frame end 147, first lower frame end 148, second upper frame end152, and second lower frame end 153. The T-shaped caps 175 hold in placeUV bulb clamps 176.

In some embodiments, a plurality of rods 155 are positioned in betweenthe first upper frame end 147 and the second upper frame end 152. Theplurality of rods 155 are fastened to the first upper frame end 147 andto the second upper frame end 152 using fasteners. The plurality of rods155 provides protection to the germicidal UV light source(s). In someembodiments at least one rod 155 is positioned between the first upperframe end 147 and the second upper frame end 152. In some embodiments,two rods 155 are positioned between the first upper frame end 147 andthe second upper frame end 152. In some embodiments, three rods 155 arepositioned between the first upper frame end 147 and the second upperframe end 152. In some embodiments, four rods 155 are positioned betweenthe first upper frame end 147 and the second upper frame end 152. Insome embodiments, between two and ten rods 155 are positioned betweenthe first upper frame end 147 and the second upper frame end 152. Thenumber of rods 155 between the first upper frame end 147 and the secondupper frame end 152 is not critical. For best functionality of theportable UV device, sufficient UV light should be provided and notblocked by the rods. In view thereof, it is desirable, to use the thinsturdy rods, i.e., allow as much UV light as possible to pass throughand provide sufficient protection of the UV light source, e.g., so thatobjects that may damage the UV light source may not directly fall on it.An exemplary member of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family is shownin FIG. 66 showing two rods 155 positioned on top of two UV lightsources 5 (here, surrounded by a see-through housing 2, and indicated by2,5 in FIG. 66) Another exemplary member of a portable UV device of theUVT-4 family is shown in FIG. 67 showing two rods 155 positioned on topof two UV light sources 5 (here, surrounded by a see-through housing 2,and indicated by 2,5 in FIG. 67) and two rods 155 positioned beneath twoUV light sources 5 (the two lower rods are not well seen in thisdrawing; however, discernable by the four fasteners attached to thesecond upper frame end, which are used to attach the rods 155 to theupper frame ends 147 and 152). A further exemplary member of a portableUV device of the UVT-4 family is shown, e.g., in FIGS. 53-58 showingfour rods 155 positioned around each UV light source 5 attached to theupper frame (here, surrounded by a see-through housing 2, and indicatedby 2,5 in FIGS. 53-58). In some embodiments, the rods 155 penetrate aplurality of cross connectors 156. The cross connectors 156 providestability to the upper frame stabilizing the plurality of rods 155. Oneof ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the number of crossconnectors is chosen, e.g., based on the length of the rods 155 and UVlight sources 5. The exemplary portable UV devices depicted in FIGS. 52and 66 each comprise two cross connectors 156.

In some embodiments, the length of the upper frame is determined by thelength of the UV light sources, i.e., the UV lamps. As depicted, e.g.,in FIG. 66, the first upper frame end 147 and the second upper frame end152 are spaced apart to accommodate the UV light source, i.e., the UVlamp, which is attached to UV lamp sockets 94 that are attached toeither upper frame end.

In some embodiments, the upper frame is made of stainless steel. Partsattached to the upper frame may also be made of stainless steel or,alternatively, of aluminum.

In some embodiments, the upper frame end 152 is configured to comprise ahandle 91. An exemplary member of a portable UV device of the UVT-4family comprising a handle 91 at the upper frame end 152 is shown, e.g.,in FIG. 67.

In some embodiment, a first hinge (pivot) 145 is attached to the secondupper frame end 152. The first hinge (pivot) 145 will be described belowin greater detail.

When the portable UV device UVT-4 is not in use (as described furtherbelow), then the upper frame is positioned on top of the lower frame.Such arrangement is depicted, e.g., in FIGS. 51-59.

3. First Hinge (Pivot)

As shown in FIGS. 66 and 67 (and others), the first hinge 145 movablyconnects the lower frame 146 to the upper frame. Further, the firsthinge 145 is adapted to permit movement of the upper frame into anangular position with respect to the position of the lower frame 146. Inthat regard, the first hinge 145 can also be described as a “swing.”

FIG. 66 depicts the attachment of the first hinge (pivot) 145 to thesecond upper frame end 152. In some embodiments, the first hinge (pivot)145 comprises a first opening to allow a cable 158 running through. Thefirst opening may be located at the lower side of the first hinge(pivot) 145 so that the cable 158 running through that opening can beconnected to an extension spring 165 (see further below). In someembodiments, the first hinge (pivot) 145 comprises a second opening toallow a cable 158 becoming fastened therein. Thus, the second opening isadapted to serve as a cable anchoring point 182. In some embodiments, afirst end of the cable 158, is anchored at the second opening (cableanchoring point 182) and the cable is guided on a cable guide 180 formedas part of the first hinge (pivot) 145 towards the first opening at thelower end of the hinge (pivot) 145, and extrudes therefrom so that thesecond end of the cable 180 forms a first anchoring post 167 with thefirst hook 178 of the extension spring 165 (see further below).

In some embodiments, the first hinge (pivot) 145 is made of stainlesssteel, or, alternatively, of aluminum.

4. At Least One First Germicidal UV Light Source

The at least one first germicidal UV light source comprises a first UVlamp and is connected to the lower frame 146. In some embodiments, theat least one first germicidal UV light source is connected to the lowerframe 146, via a UV lamp socket or adaptor 94.

In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises additional firstgermicidal UV lights sources connected to the lower frame 146. In someembodiments, the at least first germicidal UV light source is a memberof a plurality of first germicidal UV light sources, selected from thegroup consisting of two first germicidal UV light sources, three firstgermicidal UV light sources, four first germicidal UV light sources,five first germicidal UV light sources, six first germicidal UV lightsources, seven first germicidal UV light sources, eight first germicidalUV light sources, nine first germicidal UV light sources, and ten firstgermicidal UV light sources. As one of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate, the number of first germicidal UV light sources connected tothe lower frame is not limited and may comprise more than ten. In someembodiments, members of the plurality of first germicidal UV lightsources are the same germicidal UV light sources. In some embodiments,members of the plurality of first germicidal UV light sources aredifferent germicidal UV light sources.

5. At Least One Second Germicidal UV Light Source

The at least one second germicidal UV light source comprises a second UVlamp and is connected to the upper frame. In some embodiments, the atleast one second germicidal UV light source is connected to the upperframe, via a UV lamp socket or adaptor 94.

In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises additional secondgermicidal UV lights sources connected to the upper frame. In someembodiments, the at least second germicidal UV light source is a memberof a plurality of second germicidal UV light sources, selected from thegroup consisting of two second germicidal UV light sources, three secondgermicidal UV light sources, four second germicidal UV light sources,five second germicidal UV light sources, six second germicidal UV lightsources, seven second germicidal UV light sources, eight secondgermicidal UV light sources, nine second germicidal UV light sources,and ten second germicidal UV light sources. As one of ordinary skill inthe art will appreciate, the number of second germicidal UV lightsources connected to the upper frame is not limited and may comprisemore than ten. In some embodiments, members of the plurality of secondgermicidal UV light sources are the same germicidal UV light sources. Insome embodiments, members of the plurality of second germicidal UV lightsources are different germicidal UV light sources.

In some embodiments, a first germicidal UV light source and a secondgermicidal UV light source are the same germicidal UV light sources. Insome embodiments, a first germicidal UV light source and a secondgermicidal UV light source are different germicidal UV light sources.

In some embodiments, a portable UV device comprises a lower frame towhich two first germicidal UV light sources are attached and an upperframe to which two second germicidal UV light sources are attached.

Suitable UV lamps for use in a portable UV device are described herein.First and second germicidal UV light sources for use in portable UVdevices of the UVT-4 family are not limited and include, withoutlimitation, low pressure mercury amalgam bulbs. I has been found thatlow pressure mercury amalgam bulbs are very efficient and cost effectiveUV light sources. In some embodiments, medium pressure UV bulbs orpulsed UV Xenon type lamps are used. They are significantly higherpriced. Medium pressure lamps typically operate at temperature in excessof 500 F, making them somewhat less preferred. For sanitization ofsmaller containers (having a volume in the range of from about 50gallons to about 500 gallons), smaller rooms or smaller definedenvironment, LED bulbs can also be used; however they lack the powernecessary for large volumes (e.g., tanks up to and exceeding 500,000gallons). Those, UV light sources, can also be used as a part orcomponent of other portable UV devises described herein.

The choice of first and second germicidal UV light source for use inportable UV devices of the UVT-4 family may depend on the size andvolume of the container, room, space or defined environment to besanitized. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate,increasing the number of UV light sources will decrease sanitizationtime and, in addition, will allow for greater sized and larger volumecontainers, rooms, or defined environments to be sanitized. Portable UVdevices described herein can be adapted easily to accommodate a desirednumber and a desired size of UV light sources.

The UV light intensity of the combined UV light sources (i.e., thecombination of first germicidal UV light source(s) and second germicidalUV light source(s)) of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family can beadapted to efficiently irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottomand ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment at adesired intensity. In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources ofa portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiateinterior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, aroom or a defined environment with at least 10,000 microjoules/cm². Insome embodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV deviceof the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (sidewalls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a definedenvironment with at least 20,000 microjoules/cm². In some embodiments,the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottomand ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment with atleast 30,000 microjoules/cm². In some embodiments, the combined UV lightsources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted toirradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of acontainer, a room or a defined environment with at least 40,000microjoules/cm². In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of aportable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interiorsurfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or adefined environment with at least 50,000 microjoules/cm². In someembodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device ofthe UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment withat least 60,000 microjoules/cm². In some embodiments, the combined UVlight sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted toirradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of acontainer, a room or a defined environment with at least 70,000microjoules/cm². In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of aportable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interiorsurfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or adefined environment with at least 80,000 microjoules/cm². In someembodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device ofthe UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment withat least 90,000 microjoules/cm². In some embodiments, the combined UVlight sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted toirradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of acontainer, a room or a defined environment with at least 100,000microjoules/cm². In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of aportable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interiorsurfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or adefined environment with at least 110,000 microjoules/cm². In someembodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device ofthe UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment withat least 120,000 microjoules/cm². In some embodiments, the combined UVlight sources of a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted toirradiate interior surfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of acontainer, a room or a defined environment with at least 130,000microjoules/cm². In some embodiments, the combined UV light sources of aportable UV device of the UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interiorsurfaces (side walls, bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or adefined environment with at least 140,000 microjoules/cm². In someembodiments, the combined UV light sources of a portable UV device ofthe UVT-4 family are adapted to irradiate interior surfaces (side walls,bottom and ceiling) of a container, a room or a defined environment withat least 150,000 microjoules/cm².

6. UV Light Permissible Housing

As described herein, UV devices may comprise a housing surrounding orencasing fully or partially a germicidal UV light source and/or a UVlamp. In some embodiments, the at least one first germicidal UV lightsource of the portable UV device UVT-4, resides in a first housing 2, Insome embodiments, the first housing 2 fully surrounds the at least onefirst germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, the first housing2 partially surrounds the at least one first germicidal UV light source.In the exemplary embodiments of UV devices of the UVT-4 family shown inFIGS. 51-61 and 63-67, a housing 2 is a see-through housing 2, andsurrounds a UV light source 5 and thus, both are indicated by 2,5 inthose figures).

In some embodiments, the first housing 2 of the portable UV device UVT-4permits UV light to pass through. In such embodiments, the at least onefirst germicidal UV light source will be fully functional forsanitization, as described herein, without being removed from thehousing. A UV light permissible housing may be made of various materialsknown in the art, including, but not limited to, UV fused silica, CaF₂,MgF₂, BaF₂, quartz, sapphire, teflon, polydimethylsiloxane, TPX® orpolymethylpentene (PMP). TPX®, is a 4-methylpentene-1 based polyolefinmanufactured and marketed by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. A preferred housingmaterial permitting UV light to pass through is teflon.

7. Means for Controlling Movement of the Upper Frame to an AngularPosition with Respect to the Position of the Lower Frame

As described herein, portable UV devices of the UVT-4 family comprise alower frame 146 and an upper frame, wherein the upper frame can movefrom a horizontal position with respect to the lower frame into anangular position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees, including,moving the upper frame into a vertical, a perpendicular position withrespect to the lower frame 146. Members of the portable UV device familyUVT-4 comprise various means for controlling or facilitating themovement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to theposition of the lower frame. Thus, in some embodiments, a portable UVdevice comprises a means for controlling or facilitating the movement ofthe upper frame to an angular position with respect to the position ofthe lower frame. In some embodiments, the means for controlling orfacilitating the movement of the upper frame permits the at least onesecond germicidal UV light source connected to the upper frame bepositioned at an angle ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees withrespect to the position of the at least first germicidal UV light sourceconnected to the lower frame 146.

In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating themovement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to theposition of the lower frame comprises an extension spring 165. In someembodiments, a portable UV device comprises an extension spring 165comprising a first end comprising a first hook 178 at and a second endcomprising a second hook 179.

In some embodiments, the first hook 178 connects to a first anchoringpost 167. In some embodiments, the first anchoring post 167 is comprisedof the second end of the cable 158. The second end of the cable 158 mayform a loop and the loop connects with the first hook 178 of theextension spring 165. Such an arrangement, e.g., is depicted in FIG. 67.

In some embodiments, the second hook 179 connects to a second anchoringpost 168. In some embodiments, the second anchoring post 168 is attachedto the lower frame 146 (see above). Such an arrangement, e.g., isdepicted in FIG. 66.

In some embodiments, the upper frame of a portable UV device of a UVT-4family is held in horizontal position with respect to the lower frame146, by virtue of an upper frame fixture clip 157. In some embodiments,an upper frame fixture clip 157 is attached to the lower frame 146,preferably to the first lower frame end 148. Such arrangement, e.g., isshown in FIG. 53. The upper frame fixture clip 157 engages with thefirst upper frame end 147 and when engaged prevents the upper frame frommoving into an angular position with respect to the lower frame 146. InFIG. 53, the upper frame fixture clip 157 is shown disengaged from thefirst upper frame end and the upper frame is shown in a slightly angularposition with respect to the lower frame 146.

In some embodiments, the upper frame of a portable UV device of a UVT-4family is held in horizontal position with respect to the lower frame146, by virtue of a rope 7. In some embodiments, a first end of the rope7 is attached to the first upper frame end 147 at a rope anchoring point170. The second end of the rope 7 is movably wound around a first ropepost 150 (attached to e.g., a mounting bracket or hanger 3, see above,or directly to the lower frame 146). In some embodiments, wherein asecond rope post 151 is present, the second end of the rope 7 may bewound around both the first rope post 150 and the second rope post 151.A non-limiting arrangement comprising a first rope post 150 and a secondrope post 151, e.g., is shown in FIG. 52. When the portable UV device isnot in use, the rope 7 firmly would around the first rope post 150 orfirst rope post 150 and second rope post 151, prevents the upper framefrom moving into an angular position with respect to the lower frame146. Upon releasing the rope 7 from the first rope post 150 or firstrope post 150 and second rope post 151, the upper frame can move into anangular position with respect to the lower frame 146. A partial releaseof the rope 7 and an angular position of the upper frame with respect tothe position of the lower frame 146, e.g., is shown in FIG. 60. Uponfurther releasing the rope 7, the upper frame moves into a vertical orperpendicular position with respect to the lower frame 146. Such furtherrelease of the rope 7 and a vertical or perpendicular position of theupper frame with respect to the position of the lower frame 146, e.g.,is shown in FIGS. 61 and 65.

With respect to the “extension spring” means for controlling orfacilitating movement of the upper frame of the portable UV device to anangular position with respect to the position of the lower frame 146,one of ordinary skill in the art reading the disclosure herein, willappreciate that, upon disengaging the upper frame fixture clip 157and/or upon loosening the rope 7 (i.e., unwinding from the ropepost(s)), the extension spring 165 exerts a pull pressure. This pullpressure leads to the extension spring 165 pulling the second end of thecable 158 towards the extension spring 165 resulting in a swing movementof the first hinge (pivot) 145 due to the flexibility of fasteners 177and thereby moving the upper frame from a horizontal position into anangular position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees, with respectto the position of the lower frame 146.

In some embodiments, a portable UV device of the UVT-4 family comprisesat least one stop post 159. In some embodiments, a portable UV device ofthe UVT-4 family comprises at least two stop posts 159. In someembodiments, a first stop post 159 is attached to the first side plate162. In some embodiments, a second stop post 159 is attached to thesecond side plate 163. The stop post 159 is adapted to prevent movementof the upper frame, and thereby movement of a second germicidal UV lightsource connected to that upper frame, beyond a desired position. Suchdesired position may be any predetermined angular position between theupper frame and the lower frame 146. A preferred angular position is anabout vertical or an about perpendicular position. As such the at leastone stop post 159 is adapted to prevent movement of the at least onesecond germicidal UV light source (connected to the upper frame) beyondan about perpendicular position with respect to the position of the atleast first germicidal UV light source (connected to the lower frame146).

In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating themovement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to theposition of the lower frame is a pneumatic cylinder. Pneumatic cylinders(also known in the art as air cylinders) are mechanical devices whichuse the power of compressed gas to produce a force in a reciprocatinglinear motion. Like hydraulic cylinders, a piston is forced to move in adesired direction. A piston typically is a disc or cylinder, and apiston rod transfers the force it develops to the object to be moved,such as then upper frame of a portable UV device.

In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating themovement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to theposition of the lower frame is a motor.

In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating themovement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to theposition of the lower frame is a winch.

In some embodiments, a means for controlling or facilitating themovement of the upper frame to an angular position with respect to theposition of the lower frame is a servo

8. UV Sensor

A portable UV devices of the UVT-4 family of UV devices may compriseother components described herein. One of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate that those components, such as UV sensor, reflector, mirror,etc., can be attached to either the lower frame or the upper frame ofthe portable UV device. In some embodiments, a portable UV devicecomprises a UV sensor 154. An embodiment, wherein the UV sensor 154 isattached to the upper frame is shown in FIGS. 51, and 54-56. In someembodiments, the UV sensor 154 is a UVC sensor. In some embodiments, aUVC sensor is adapted to keep real time track of UVC output during asanitization cycle.

9. Control Box

Portable UV device described herein may be connected to a control box127. In some embodiments described herein, a portable UV devicecomprises a control box 127 that is part of the portable UV deviceitself (e.g., see UV-55). In those embodiments, the control box may bedescribed as internal as it is an integral part of the respectiveportable UV device. In some embodiments, a portable UV device isconnected to a control box 127. In some embodiments, a portable UVdevice is connected to a control box 127 via a cable 143. In thoseembodiments, the control box may be described as external as it is notan integral part of the portable UV device.

An external control box 127 can be made a various materials. In someembodiments, an external control box 127 is made of stainless steel. Insome embodiments, the exterior of control box 127 is a stainless steelNEMA4 enclosure/

As described herein, a control box 127 controls various functionalitiesof a portable UV device. This control typically is controlled by acircuit board. Thus, in some embodiments, a portable UV device isconnected to a control box 127, wherein the control box comprises acircuit board controlling one or more functionalities of a portable UVdevice or relaying a response from the portable UV device. Thosefunctionalities may be individually programmed and adjusted to the needsof an individual user. Non-limiting functionalities of a portable UVdevice controlled by or relayed by a circuit board include communicatingwith a radiofrequency identifier; controlling a movement of a germicidalUV light source within a container, a room or a defined environment;controlling a positioning of a germicidal UV light source within acontainer, a room or a defined environment; controlling activation anddeactivation of a germicidal UV light source; relaying UV lightintensity via a UV sensor to a container, a room or a definedenvironment; uploading and relaying information from a radiofrequencyidentifier; generating a report on time of a sanitization cycle;generating a report on duration of a sanitization cycle; generating areport on UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle;emailing, phoning or texting a report on time of a sanitization cycle(e.g., to a user); emailing, phoning or texting a report on duration ofa sanitization cycle (e.g., to a user); emailing, phoning or texting areport on UV light intensity attained during a sanitization cycle (e.g.,to a user); emailing, phoning or texting an alert that a sanitizationcycle is complete (e.g., to a user); logging date, time and individualwho used a portable UV device; or logging container, room, space, ordefined environment in which a portable UV device will be and/or hasbeen used. Other functionalities are described, supra.

In some embodiments, the control box 127 comprises a touchscreeninterface 135. A control box 127 having a touchscreen interface 135 isshown, e.g., in FIGS. 49 and 51. In some embodiments, the touchscreeninterface 135 is adapted to provide an input for a functionality. As oneof ordinary skill in the art will appreciate input for a variety offunctionalities may be provided. In some embodiments, a touchscreeninterface is adapted to provide an input for a functionality selectedfrom the group consisting of activating a portable UV device,deactivating a portable UV device, providing time input for completing aUV sterilization of a container, a room, or a defined environment,providing time elapsed for UV sterilization of the container, the room,or the defined environment, setting a desired UV intensity level,adjusting a UV intensity level and logging in a code for a user. Forexample; a UV intensity level may be adjusted based on the condition ofa container 4, a room, or a defined environment, such as wet or dryinterior surfaces, etc.

A control box 127, may comprise additional features. In someembodiments, a control box 127 comprises an on/off switch 85. The on/offswitch 85 permits an individual to activate and deactivate the systemand portable UV device. A control box 127 comprising an on/off switch 85is shown, e.g., in FIGS. 49 and 51.

In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises a button for emergencyshutdown 134. The emergency shutdown button 134 permits an individual toquickly shut down the system and portable UV device. A control box 127comprising an emergency shutdown button 134 is shown, e.g., in FIGS. 49and 51.

In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises a status indicatorlight 136. The status indicator light 136, when lit, alerts anindividual that the system and portable UV device are operating. Thestatus indicator light 136, when not lit, alerts an individual that thesystem and portable UV device are not operating. A control box 127comprising a status indicator light 136 is shown, e.g., in FIGS. 49 and51.

In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises an alarm light. Thealarm light, when flashing, may alert an individual to a malfunction ofthe system or portable UV device, or to a completion of a sanitizationcycle. In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises a statusindicator light 136 that also functions as an alarm light.

In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises an audible alarmsystem. The audible alarm system may alert an individual to amalfunction of the system or portable UV device, or to a completion of asanitization cycle,

Exemplary layouts of an interior of a control box are shown in FIGS.68A-C.

In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises one or more lampballasts (or power supplies; FIG. 68B). In some embodiments, a lampballast connects to a motor or servo through an electrical cable. Insome embodiments, a lamp ballast connects to a UV light source throughan electrical cable.

In some embodiments, a control box 127 comprises a wirelesscommunication device, including, but not limited to a wirelesstransponder and or transceiver to send a wireless signal to a user or toreceive a wireless signal from a user.

While the above described various parts and features of members of theUV device Model UVT-4 family one of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate that any arrangement or positioning of parts described can bevaried without deviating from the scope of the invention. In addition,UV device Model UVT-4 depicted schematically in FIGS. 51-61 and 63-67may comprise any additional component described herein.

S. Additional UV Devices

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV devicedepicted in FIG. 30. This UV device embodiment comprises a housing 2, aUV lamp cluster line 111 attached to a UV lamp cluster. This UV deviceembodiment further comprises an anchor connector 109 connecting thehousing 2 to an anchor 107. An anchor line 108 connects the anchor 107with the housing 2. The anchor 107 serves to stabilize the lamp clusteras it moves upwardly and downwardly throughout a container 4. The UVdevice depicted schematically in FIG. 30 may comprise any additionalcomponent described herein.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV devicedepicted in FIG. 31. This embodiment describes a UV device similar tothe UV device UV55 described above, however, inverted. The UV lamp 5 isinserted into an opening of a container 4 from the bottom of thecontainer (FIG. 31A). The base plate 10, here a support stand, isattached to the central sleeve 12. A housing 2 slides over the centralsleeve 12. In this embodiment, the housing 2 is spring loaded such that,as soon as UV lamp 5 is movably inserted into the container 4 (a barrelis shown in FIG. 31), the housing 2 retracts to cover the central sleeve12 (FIG. 31B). As the unit is removed from the container 4, a springforces the housing 2 to slide over the UV lamp 5. The UV device depictedschematically in FIG. 31 may comprise any additional component describedherein.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV devicedepicted in FIG. 32. This embodiment describes a UV device that isplaced in the center of a container 4 and mounted a top of a base plate10, here, a tripod-like support stand. The support stand supports ahousing 2 and a central sleeve 12 within the housing 2 that movesupwardly and downwardly. In some embodiments, this UV device comprises aUV lamp 5. In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lampcluster. The UV device depicted schematically in FIG. 32 may compriseany additional component described herein.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV devicedepicted in FIG. 33. This embodiment describes a UV device comprising atelescoping horizontal arm 113 that enters the container 4 through anopening on the side of the container 4. As described herein, instead ofa single telescoping horizontal arm 113, which can be of various length(depending on the size of the container into which the UV device isbeing inserted), the UV device may also have one more of the telescopingarms 47, the form and function of which has been described herein. Usersare protected from UV exposure by a bracket 3 fitting over the opening.A vertical housing 2 is attached to a central sleeve 12, which can bemoved upwardly and downwardly in a vertical axis. In some embodiments,this UV device comprises a UV lamp 5 attached to the central sleeve 12.In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp cluster attachedto the central sleeve 12. The UV device depicted schematically in FIG.33 may comprise any additional component described herein. The entire UVdevice can be transported on a movable object 112 comprising wheels 114.The wheels are attached to supports attached to the object 112. As annon-limiting example, four supports are schematically depicted in FIG.33. In some embodiments, the length of the supports is adjustable sothat the same movable object 112 can be used to introduce a UV device into containers having an opening a different positions. The horizontalarm 113 may be rotatably attached to the object 112 so that it can turnthe UV device once inserted into the container into different anglepositions and also move it upwardly, downwardly, and horizontally intoany desired position.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV devicedepicted in FIG. 34A. This embodiment describes a UV device that isplaced in top of a container 4 as schematically shown in FIGS. 34B and34C. The UV device comprises a housing 2 having two arms, a first armand a second arm (both indicated by 2 in FIG. 34A). The first arm may bein a fixed, non-movable position, whereas the second arm may be movablyattached to the first arm. The two arms are connected to each otherthrough a pivot point 118. This connection allows the two arms toprovide various angles between them. When not in use, the second armresides within the first arm. The second arm comprises an openingthrough which a power cord 90 (FIG. 34A) or any other rope or string 7may be guided which may be attached to a UV lamp 5. As schematicallydepicted in FIG. 34A, a UV lamp 5 resides within the second arm, whichpartially surrounds the UV lamp 5 (when not in use and the power cord 90is completely retracted) and which releases the UV lamp 5 upon the twistlock 116 releasing the power cord 90. The release of the power cord 90(or string or cable or rope 7) is controlled by a twist lock 116. As oneof skill will appreciate upon releasing the power cord 90 (or string orcable or rope 7), the two arms of the housing 2 separate from eachother. Approaching an about 90 degree angle between the two arms of thehousing 2, the UV lamp will be positioned furthest away from the fixedarm of the housing 2 (schematically shown in FIGS. 34B and 34C). In someembodiments, this UV device comprises a power cord 90 connected to theUV lamp 5 and a string or cable or rope 7 attached to the second arm ofthe housing 2 and the twist look 116. In this embodiment movement andpositioning of the UV lamp 5 within a container can be controlled in twoways. First, upon release of the rope, cable or string 7 from a twistlook 116, the second arm moves from a vertical position to an angleposition (between about 0 degree and 90 degree) without releasing thepower cord 90 and the UV lamp 5. The extent to which the rope, cable orstring is being released determines, as one of ordinary skill in the artwill appreciate, the positioning of the UV lamp 5 within the diameter ofthe container 4. The second movement controls the vertical positioningof the UV lamp 5 within the container 4 as is shown schematically inFIG. 35. Upon release of the power cord 90 from the twist look 116(which can be the same or a different twist look releasing string orcable or rope 7) the UV lamp 5 moves downwardly in the container 4towards the bottom of the container 4. As described herein, whensterilizing a wide container (i.e., a container having a largediameter), the arms of the housing 2 may be chosen to have a lengthpermitting the positioning of the UV lamp 5 within the center of thecontainer 4. In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp 5.In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp cluster. The UVdevice depicted schematically in FIG. 34 may comprise any additionalcomponent described herein.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device is UV devicedepicted in FIG. 35. This embodiment describes a UV device with similarfunctions as the UV device shown in FIG. 34A. In the UV deviceschematically depicted in FIG. 35, a central sleeve 12 slides movablyover the housing 2. The housing 2, similarly to that of FIG. 34comprises two arms. The two arms are attached to each other by a pivotpoint 118. In this embodiment, the first arm may be attached to the UVdevice so that it is rotatable permitting the positioning of the UV lamp5 (upon lowering the second arm as, e.g., described herein) into varioushorizontal positions (see also FIGS. 8-11, 15)

In some embodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp 5. In someembodiments, this UV device comprises a UV lamp cluster. The UV devicedepicted schematically in FIG. 32 may comprise any additional componentdescribed herein.

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the partsdescribed herein, in particular the parts controlling the movement andpositioning of a UV light source within the interior of a containerprovide various means for moving and positioning the UV light source,such as, a means of positioning the UV light source within the centralaxis of a container, a means for tilting the UV light source from avertical axis to a horizontal axis at an upper position within thecontainer, a means for returning the UV light source from a horizontalaxis to a vertical axis at an upper position within the container, ameans for lowering or raising the UV light source within the centralaxis of the container, a means for stopping the UV light source at apre-determined position along the central axis within a container, ameans for tilting the lamp cluster from a vertical position to ahorizontal position at a lower position within a container, a means forreturning the UV light source from a horizontal axis to a vertical axisat the lower position within a container, and a means for returning theUV light source from a vertical position to a horizontal position withina container.

III. Containers, Rooms and Defined Environments

In some embodiments, a UV device, preferably a UV light source, morepreferably a germicidal UV light source, is introduced into a container,a room or a defined environment.

In some embodiments, a container is exposed to UV radiation. A containeraccepts a UV light source for the purpose of sterilization of theinterior of the container, including any and all objects, fluids,materials, and surfaces contained within the interior of the container.In some embodiments, the objects, fluids, materials, and surfaces withinthe interior of the container are contained within the containertemporarily. In other embodiments, they are contained within thecontainer permanently.

The present invention provides a variety of containers. Containers,include, but are not limited to a vat, a silo, a tub, a basket, a case,a box, a barrel, a storage bin, a barrel, a keg, a tank (e.g., a Portatank), a container for biological fluids, a beverage container, and anaquarium.

A container for biological fluid includes, but is not limited, to acontainer for blood, a container for blood products, a container for afermentation product, a container for a cell culture product, or acontainer for a biotechnology product. In some embodiments, afermentation product is an alcoholic beverage. In some embodiments, afermentation product is wine.

A beverage container includes, but is not limited, to a beveragecontainer for water, milk, coffee, tea, juice, an alcoholic beverage, ora carbonated beverage. An alcoholic beverage includes, but is notlimited to beer, wine, gin, vodka, or whisky. A preferred alcoholicbeverage is wine. Thus, a preferred container is a container for thefermentation of wine.

A container also includes any container for storing, transporting orselling a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairy composition or adry dairy composition. A “liquid dairy composition” is any source ofmilk or milk ingredient. In exemplary embodiments, the milk is fromsheep, goats, or cows. Liquid dairy compositions include withoutlimitations, for example, liquid milk, liquid skim milk, liquid non-fatmilk, liquid low fat milk, liquid whole milk, liquid half & half, liquidlight cream, liquid light whipping cream, liquid heavy cream, liquidlactose free milk, liquid reduced lactose milk, liquid sodium free milk,liquid reduced sodium milk, liquid dairy fortified with nutrients, suchas vitamins A, D, E, K, or calcium, liquid high protein dairy, liquidwhey protein concentrate, liquid whey protein isolate, etc. Milkconcentrates and milk protein concentrates are particularly contemplatedliquid dairy compositions. The term “milk concentrate” means any liquidor dried dairy-based concentrate comprising milk, skim milk, or milkproteins. Dry dairy components include without limitation, for example,whole dry milk, non-fat dry milk, low fat milk powder, whole milkpowder, dry whey solids, de-mineralized whey powders, individual wheyprotein, casein dairy powders, individual casein powders, anhydrous milkfat, dried cream, lactose free dairy powder, dry lactose derivatives,reduced sodium dairy powder, etc. Also included are calorie-free dairy,cholesterol free dairy, low calorie dairy, low cholesterol dairy, lightdairy, etc. Also included are combinations of any of the above liquid ordry dairy components in any ratio.

Containers of various sizes, shapes, heights, and diameters can be usedin the methods of the present invention as long as they have at leastone opening through which a UV device or a UV lamp can be introduced.

In some embodiments, a container (tank) capacity is selected from thegroup consisting of at least about 5,000 gallons, at least about 6,000gallons, at least about 10,000 gallons, at least about 15,000 gallons,at least about 20,000 gallons, at least about 25,000 gallons, at leastabout 50,000 gallons, at least about 75,000 gallons, at least about100,000 gallons, at least about 125,000 gallons, at least about 150,000gallons, at least about 175,000 gallons, at least about 200,000 gallons,at least about 225,000 gallons, at least about 250,000 gallons, at leastabout 300,000 gallons, at least about 350,000 gallons, at least about400,000 gallons, at least about 450,000 gallons, at least about 500,000gallons. In some embodiments, a container to be sanitized has a capacityof from about 100,000 gallons to about 500,000 gallons. In someembodiments, a container to be sanitized has a capacity of from about200,000 gallons to about 500,000 gallons. In some embodiments, acontainer to be sanitized has a capacity of from about 300,000 gallonsto about 500,000 gallons. Individual tank capacities are described indetail in the Examples.

Containers of various refractive indexes can be used in the methods ofthe present invention.

Containers of various reflective nature can be used in the methods ofthe present invention. As indicated in the following table, differentmaterials reflect different percentages of UV light (254 nm). One ofskill in the art will appreciate the contribution of the reflectance ofa material will have for achieving a desired UV intensity useful for UVdisinfection and sterilization (see Table 6).

TABLE 6 Reflective Factors On Various Surfaces At 254 Nm Wavelength. Thevalues are obtained at normal incidence. The percentage reflectancesincreases rapidly at angles greater than 75%. (American UltravioletCompany, Lebanon, IN 46052, USA) Material % Reflectance Aluminum, etched88 Aluminum, foil 73 Aluminum, polished commercial 73 Chromium 45 Glass 4 Nickel 38 Silver 22 Stainless steel 20-30 Tri-plated steel 28 Waterpaints 10-30 White cotton 30 White oil paint  5-10 White paper 25 Whiteporcelain  5 White wall plaster 40-60

In some embodiments of the present invention, the interior surface of acontainer is UV reflective.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the interior surface of acontainer is stainless steel.

Typically, a container for use in a method of the present invention is aclosed container with one or more openings at the top (e.g., see FIGS.1-11, 14-16, 22-25, 29, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48), at a side wall (e.g.,see FIG. 31), or at the bottom part of a side wall (e.g., see FIGS. 32,33, 41, 48 56-59, and 63). In some embodiments, this opening is referredto as manhole and is shown in, e.g., FIGS. 22-25, 30, 32-34, 41, 44 and48. The manhole or port 77 provides access to the container from the topof the container and further allows, e.g., for the attachment of variouspressure washing devices. The manhole or port also allows thepositioning of a UV device, e.g., of a UV device having a telescopic armfor practicing a method of the invention. As shown in FIGS. 22-25, 30,32-34, 41, 44 and 48, part of the UV device rests on top of the manholeor port 77 when the UV device is used for the UV sterilization of thecontainer. In some embodiments, a pulley mount arm rests on the top ofthe manhole.

In some embodiments, the means for attaching the UV device to acontainer, attaches the UV device to the manhole or port 77. Thisattachment is typically done using a hanger, more specifically, usingthe clamp post 53 or a mounting bracket 3.

In some embodiments, the means for attaching the UV device to acontainer, attaches the UV device to an opening at a side of acontainer. This attachment is typically done using a hanger, morespecifically, using the clamp post 53 or a mounting bracket 3 (e.g.,see, FIG. 59).

In some embodiments of the present invention, a container comprises alid (indicated by 29 in the figures). In some embodiments of the presentinvention, a container comprises a hinged lid (indicated by 30 in thefigures). The lid itself may have one or more openings through which aUV device or parts thereof (such as a UV light source) may be insertedinwardly into the container. When a lid is present, upon beginning theUV sterilization process, the lid is closed so to not expose apractitioner or any other person to the UV light. If a lid cannot becompletely closed because, e.g., the attachment or placement of a UVdevice at an opening of the container, a protective shield can be usedto prevent UV light from escaping the container.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a container comprises oneor more support stands (indicated by 115 in the figures).

A. Fermentation Container

In some embodiments of the present invention, a container is a containerused in zymurgy or the production of an alcoholic beverage. A UV deviceof the present invention may be used in any large scale commercial steelvessel involved in the fermentation and production of an alcoholicbeverage. The term “alcoholic beverage” is used to include the alcoholicbeverage prescribed in Liquor Tax Law Chapter 1, Section 2.

A fermentation container may be of various size, shape, height, and canbe used in a method of the present invention as long as it has at leastone opening through which a UV device or UV lamp can be introduced.

A fermentation container may be made of a variety of materials,including stainless steel, wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, or glass.A preferred fermentation container is made of wood.

IV. Systems

In another aspect of the present invention, systems comprising a UVdevice described herein, are provided. In some embodiments of thepresent invention, a system comprises a UV device. A UV device mayinclude one or more components as described herein, e.g., a germicidalUV light source, a detector, a housing, a range-finding device, abracket, an optical component, a circuit board, a frame, an upper frame,a lower frame, a UV sensor, one or more hinges (pivots) and/or amotorized unit. In some embodiments of the present invention, a systemcomprises a UV device and a container. In some embodiments, thecontainer of such a system is selected from the group consisting of acontainer for fermenting an alcoholic beverage, a container for storingor transporting a dairy product, a liquid dairy, a liquid dairycomposition or a dry dairy composition; a container for water, milk,coffee, tea, juice, or a carbonated beverage; and a container for abiological fluid. In some embodiments, the container of such a systemcomprises wood, plastic, concrete, a polymer, etched aluminum, foilaluminum, polished aluminum, chromium, glass, nickel, silver, stainlesssteel, tri-plated steel, water paint, white cotton, white oil paint,white paper, white porcelain, white wall plaster or a fabric.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a UVdevice and a room, a space or defined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a UVdevice and a control box 127, wherein the control box comprises acircuit board controlling one or more functionalities of the portable UVdevice.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a system comprises a UVdevice, a control box 127, wherein the control box comprises a circuitboard controlling one or more functionalities of the portable UV deviceand a case 137, wherein, the UV device, when not in use, resides withinthe case 137. In some embodiment, the case 137 is attached to thecontrol box 127. In some embodiments a lower surface of the case 137 isattached to an upper surface of the control box 127 so that the case 137resides on top of the control box 127. In some embodiments and for easymaneuvering cart wheels 142 may be attached to the control box 127. Insome embodiments and for easy maneuvering one or more handrails 138 maybe attached to the control box 127. A system comprising a UV device(residing in a case), a case 137, and a control box 127 is shown, e.g.,in FIG. 51.

For transportation, a system comprising a UV device (residing in acase), a case 137 and control box 127 can be strapped to atransportation rack 140. Thus, in some embodiments of the presentinvention, a system comprises a UV device, a control box 127, whereinthe control box comprises a circuit board controlling one or morefunctionalities of the portable UV device, a case 137, wherein, the UVdevice, when not in use, resides within the case 137, and atransportation rack 140 adapted to accommodate the control box 127 andcase 137 for transportation. In some embodiments, a transportation rackcomprises a plurality of fastening brackets 139. The fastening bracketscomprise an opening through which fastenings 141 can be guided throughto allow fastening of the control box 127 and case 137 to thetransportation rack 140. A system comprising a UV device (residing in acase), a case 137, a control box 127 and a transportation rack 140, isshown, e.g., in FIGS. 49 and 50.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a system is for use in amethod for ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of an interior surface of acontainer. In other embodiments of the present invention, a system isfor use in a method for ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of a room, aspace or a defined environment.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a system is for use in amethod for inhibiting the growth of one or more species ofmicroorganisms present in a container, preferably for inhibiting thegrowth of one or more species of microorganisms present on an interiorsurface of a container. In other embodiments of the present invention, asystem is for use in a method for inhibiting the growth of one or morespecies of microorganisms present in a room, a space or a definedenvironment, preferably for inhibiting the growth of one or more speciesof microorganisms present on an interior surface of a room, a space or adefined environment.

V. Methods of Use

In another aspect of the present invention, methods of using a UV devicedescribed herein, are provided. In some embodiments, a method of using aUV device is a method for ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of an interiorsurface of a container. In some embodiments, the method for UVsterilization of an interior surface of a container comprises the stepsof movably and inwardly inserting through an opening of a container agermicidal UV light source and activating the germicidal UV lightsource.

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UVsterilization of an interior surface of a container further comprisesthe step of providing a container having an opening,

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UVsterilization of an interior surface of a container further comprisesthe step of moving the germicidal UV light source to a first verticaldownwards position within the container. In some embodiments, asdescribed herein, the method further comprises the step of moving thegermicidal UV light source from the first vertical downwards position toa horizontal position within the container. In some embodiments, asdescribed herein, the method further comprises the step of moving thegermicidal UV light source from the horizontal position to a secondvertical downwards position within the container.

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UVsterilization of an interior surface of a container further comprisesthe step of moving the germicidal UV light source from a horizontalposition to a first vertical position within a container. Preferably,the movement is downwardly, however, depending on the UV device employedfor practicing a method, the movement can also be upwardly. In someembodiments, as described herein, the method for UV sterilization of aninterior surface of a container further comprises the step of moving thegermicidal UV light source from the first vertical position within thecontainer to a second vertical position within the container.Preferably, the movement is downwardly, however, depending on the UVdevice employed for practicing a method, the movement can also beupwardly.

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UVsterilization of an interior surface of a container further comprisesthe step of positioning a UV device on a bottom surface of a container.In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for UVsterilization of an interior surface of a container further comprisesthe step of moving a UV device on a bottom surface of a container from afirst position to a second position.

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method further comprisesthe step of attaching a UV device comprising the germicidal UV lightsource to the container. Preferably, the attachment is at an opening atthe container. An opening at a container can be on top of the container,at a side wall of the container or at a bottom part of a side wall ofthe container.

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method further comprisesthe step of movably positioning a UV device comprising the germicidal UVlight source in a container. Preferably, movably positioning a UV devicein a container comprises moving a UV device trough an opening into thecontainer. An opening at a container can be on top of the container, ata side wall of the container or at a bottom part of a side wall of thecontainer. The positioning of the UV device within the container may beon the floor of the container.

In some embodiments, a method of using a UV device is a method forinhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on aninterior surface of a container. In some embodiments, the method forinhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on aninterior surface of a container comprises the steps of movably andinwardly inserting through the opening of a container a germicidal UVlight source and activating the germicidal UV light.

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting thegrowth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of acontainer further comprises the step of providing a container having anopening.

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting thegrowth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of acontainer further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV lightsource to a first vertical downwards position within the container. Insome embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting thegrowth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of acontainer further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV lightsource from the first vertical downwards position to a horizontalposition within the container. In some embodiments, as described herein,the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganismspresent on an interior surface of a container further comprises the stepof moving the germicidal UV light source from the horizontal position toa second vertical downwards position within the container.

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting thegrowth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of acontainer further comprises the step of moving the germicidal UV lightsource from a horizontal position to a first vertical position withinthe container. Preferably, the movement is downwardly, however,depending on the UV device employed for practicing a method, themovement can also be upwardly. In some embodiments, as described herein,the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganismspresent on an interior surface of a container further comprises the stepof moving the germicidal UV light source from the first verticalposition within the container to a second vertical position within thecontainer. Preferably, the movement is downwardly, however, depending onthe UV device employed for practicing a method, the movement can also beupwardly.

In some embodiments, as described herein, method for inhibiting thegrowth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of acontainer further comprises the step of positioning a UV device on abottom surface of a container. In some embodiments, as described herein,the method for inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganismspresent on an interior surface of a container further comprises the stepof moving a UV device on a bottom surface of a container from a firstposition to a second position.

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting thegrowth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of acontainer further comprises the step of attaching a UV device comprisingthe germicidal UV light source to the container. Preferably, theattachment is at an opening at the container. An opening at a containercan be on top of the container, at a side wall of the container or at abottom part of a side wall of the container.

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting thegrowth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of acontainer further comprises the step of movably positioning a UV devicecomprising the germicidal UV light source in a container. Preferably,movably positioning a UV device in a container comprises moving a UVdevice trough an opening into the container. An opening at a containercan be on top of the container, at a side wall of the container or at abottom part of a side wall of the container. The positioning of the UVdevice within the container may be on the floor of the container.

In some embodiments, as described herein, the method for inhibiting thegrowth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of acontainer further comprises the step of attaching a UV device comprisingthe germicidal UV light source to the container.

A. Providing a Container

In some embodiments, a method for UV sterilization of an interiorsurface of a container comprises the step of providing a containerhaving an opening. In some embodiments, a method for inhibiting thegrowth of one or more microorganisms present on an interior surface of acontainer comprises the step of providing a container having an opening.Containers useful for practicing methods of the present invention aredescribed herein.

B. Attaching a UV Device to a Container

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of attaching a UV device to a container. Attaching a UV devicetemporarily, for a prolonged time, or permanently to a container isdescribed herein. An exemplary embodiment of attaching a UV device to anopening at a side wall of a container is shown in FIG. 59. Thereby, aportable UV device is attached firmly and temporarily, e.g., for theduration of a sanitization cycle positioned to an opening of thecontainer and is restricted from moving.

C. Movably and Inwardly Inserting a UV Light Source into a Container

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of movably and inwardly inserting a germicidal UV light sourcethrough an opening of the container. The opening of the container may beon top of the container as illustrated in FIGS. 1-11, 14-16, 22-25, 29,30, 32-34, 41, 44 and 48). Alternatively, an opening of the containermay also be at the bottom of a container or at a side of a container asillustrated in FIGS. 31-33, 41, 48, 56-59).

One of skill in the art reading the instant specification willappreciate that a UV light source can be movably and inwardly insertedinto a container through an opening on the top of the container, throughan opening at the bottom of the container, or through an opening at aside of the container. As described herein, a UV light source, oncemovably an inwardly inserted into a container can be moved to anydesired or predetermined position within the container. One of ordinaryskill in the art will appreciate that the methods described herein forpositioning a UV light source within a container can be easily modifiedto account for the point of where the UV light source is being movablyinserted into a container. Those would be considered design choices inview of the disclosure provided herewith.

In some embodiments, once the UV light source is movably and inwardlyinserted into a container, it remains in a stationary position for thetime of the sterilization process. In some other embodiments, once theUV light source is movably and inwardly inserted into a container, it ismobile. In some embodiments, a UV light source moves longitudinallywithin the container. In some embodiments, a UV light source moveslaterally. In some embodiments, a UV light source rotates on its ownaxis or about an axis. In some embodiments, a combination of movementsof some or all movements is used to achieve the desired result ofpositioning a UV light source at a desired or predetermined positionwithin a container. The movement of a UV light source is achievedthrough use of a motorized unit, use of a hydraulic system, manually, ora combination thereof.

Mobility of the UV light source may depend on the size and shape of thecontainer and on the size, shape, and intensity of the UV lamp(s). Theuse of a mobile UV light source will depend on the desired sterilizationrate. If, for example, a faster rate is desired, the UV light sourcepreferably is positioned closer to the inner surface of the container tobe sterilized. Thus, in this embodiment, a means by which the UV lightsource is positioned in closer proximity to the inner surface isrecommended. Similarly, in some embodiments, the positioning of the UVlight source is altered to avoid an obstruction, such as an internallymounted thermometer or the like. As one of skill in the art willappreciate, the longitudinal movement of a UV light source depends onthe height of the vessel. Further, the lateral movement of a UV lightsource depends on the diameter of the container. In embodiments where arotating UV light source is used, the rate of rotation will depend onthe type of UV lamp used (continuous UVC vs. pulsed UV) and on theintensity of the UV lamp.

D. Activating and Deactivating a UV Light Source

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of activating a germicidal UV light source. Thereby a necessary orpredetermined dose of radiation will be delivered. Activating of the UVlight source initiates the process of sterilization, disinfection andgrowth inhibition of the one or more microorganisms by providing a UVdose for effective sterilization of microorganisms, disinfection of theinterior surface of a container, and for the growth inhibition of theone or more microorganisms.

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of manually activating a germicidal UV light source. In someembodiments, a UV device comprises an on/off switch for manuallyactivating the germicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, a UVlight source is connected to an external control box 127 comprising anon/off switch 85 for manually activating the germicidal UV light source.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a UV device comprises aninterface for activating the UV device, for inactivating the UV device,for making a user aware of the time elapsed in a sterilization cycleand/or making a user aware of the time remaining for completion of asterilization cycle. Some interface function may be connected to avisual or audible alert or to an email notification, telephoniccontacting or texting. In some embodiments, a UV device is connected toan external control box 127 comprising a touchscreen interface 135adapted to provide input for functionalities as described herein.

In some embodiments, activation of the UV light source occurs at apredetermined time and may be controlled by an RFID communicating with acircuit board attached to the UV device (e.g., FIGS. 26 and 36). In someembodiments, the information retrieved from the RFID is used by thecircuit board to determine the length of extension of the telescopic arm(e.g., moving the UV light source into a first vertical downwardsposition; payout position, e.g., see FIG. 23) and the length of descentof the UV light source from its horizontal position into the secondvertical downwards position (e.g., see FIG. 25).

In some embodiments, activation of the UV light source occurs for apredetermined time. Preferably the duration of the activation of the UVlight source is provided for a time sufficient to cause an at leastabout 1 log reduction of microorganisms on the interior surface of acontainer, an at least about 2 log reduction of one or moremicroorganisms on the interior surface of a container, an at least about3 log reduction of one or more microorganisms on the interior surface ofa container, an at least about 4 log reduction of one or moremicroorganisms on the interior surface of a container, an at least about5 log reduction of one or more microorganisms on the interior surface ofa container, or an at least about 6 log reduction of one or moremicroorganisms on the interior surface of a container.

By inserting a UV light source into the interior of a container and byactivating the UV light source, the interior surface of the container isexposed to a UV light dose. In some embodiments, the UV light dose ismeasured by a UV sensor 154, as described herein. Data measured by theUV sensor are relayed to the control box 127 and may be shown on thetouchscreen interface 135.

Once the desired UV intensity has been applied to the interior surfaceof a container, the UV light source may be deactivated. In someembodiments, deactivation is performed by a timer, which can be set todifferent times depending on the desired log reduction of the desiredmicroorganisms (see calculations of killing rates in Example B).Deactivation can also be performed by a UV detector (or UV sensor 154),which would automatically shut off the UV lamp(s) when the desired UVintensity has been attained. In some embodiments of the presentinvention, deactivation may also be controlled by a RFID. In someembodiments of the present invention, deactivation, upon completing asterilization cycle, is controlled by a circuit board attached to the UVdevice or by a circuit board residing in an external control box 127.Again, the desired UV intensity will depend on the desired log reductionof the desired microorganisms. For example, using a UV lamp with anoutput of 190 microwatts/cm² at 254 nm (at a distance of 1 meter),placed within a fermentation vessel 60″ from the interior surface, if a2 log reduction of Shigella dysentery is desired, 4,200 microwattseconds/cm² would be required. Once the UV detector has detected that4,200 microwatt seconds/cm² have been attained it would automaticallyshut off the UV lamp. Thus, in some embodiments, the method for UVsterilization of an interior surface of a container comprises the stepdeactivating a germicidal UV light source. As described herein,deactivation may occur automatically by using a preset UV detector.Alternatively, deactivation is performed manually. In some embodiments,a UV device comprises an on/off switch for manually deactivating thegermicidal UV light source. In some embodiments, a UV light source isconnected to an external control box 127 comprising an on/off switch 85for manually deactivating the germicidal UV light source.

In some embodiments, the process of sterilizing the interior of acontainer comprises the step of subjecting the interior of the containerto UV radiation.

While typically a single exposure of an interior surface of a containerby a necessary or predetermined UV dose is sufficient to achieve adesired log reduction of microorganisms, in some embodiments, theinterior surface of the container is exposed multiple times to UVradiation.

Short-wave UV light is harmful to humans. In addition to causing sunburnand (over time) skin cancer, UV light can produce extremely painfulinflammation of the cornea of the eye, which may lead to temporary orpermanent vision impairment. It can also damage the retina of the eye.For this reason, the light produced by a germicidal UV lamp must becarefully shielded against both direct viewing and reflections anddispersed light that might be viewed. Thus, in some embodiments of thepresent invention, the methods of sterilization a container and methodsfor inhibiting the growth of one or more microorganisms present on aninterior surface of a container comprise the step of covering theopening of the container through which the germicidal UV light sourcehas been inserted with a lid, top, or cover. The lid, top or coveressentially does not allow the UV light to penetrate and thus, protectshumans from the harmful UV light.

E. Releasing a Germicidal UV Light Source from a Housing

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of releasing a germicidal UV light source from a housing. Thereby agermicidal UV light source, e.g., a UV lamp, is released from a housing.In some embodiments, the releasing of the germicidal UV light sourcefrom the housing is accomplished by a motorized unit. The motorized unit(exemplary shown in FIGS. 1-3, 38, 39, 42, 43, 45) is connected to arope, cable or wire 7, which is connected to a UV lamp 5 and thus, canmove the UV lamp 5 in an downward direction for use and moves the UVlamp 5 in an upward direction after use. Alternatively, depending on theUV device being used, the UV lamp 5 is moved in an upwardly directionfor use and in a downwardly direction after use. Various modes ofreleasing a UV lamp 5 from a housing 2 have been described herein in thecontext of the various UV devices useful for practicing a method of thepresent invention.

In some embodiments, upon release from the housing, the germicidal UVlight source moves longitudinally into the container to a predeterminedposition. An example of such a longitudinally movement is depicted,e.g., in FIG. 3. In some embodiments, upon release from the housing, thegermicidal UV light source moves laterally in the container to apredetermined position. An example of such a lateral movement isdepicted, e.g., in FIG. 7. In some embodiments, upon release from thehousing, the germicidal UV light source rotates in the container.Examples of such a rotational movement are depicted, e.g., in FIGS.9-11.

Still other modes for releasing a germicidal UV light source from ahousing are depicted, e.g., in FIGS. 27, 40, 41 and 44. In some of thoseembodiments, a hinge or UV lamp module swing 81, is used to move the UVlight source from a closed position into an exposed (released) position.

As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, releasing agermicidal UV light source from a housing is only necessary in themethods of the present invention, wherein the housing is not UV lightpermissible, i.e., wherein the housing is made of a material which doesnot allow UV light to penetrate through. In some UV devices of thepresent invention, the UV light source resides within a housing made ofa material which permits UV light to pass through. The UV light sourceof such UV devices does not need to be released from its housing for usein a method of the present invention. For example, some members of theUVT-4 family of UV devices comprise a housing made of a materialallowing UV light to pass through even when the housing fully encasesthe UV light source.

F. Placing a UV Device on an Upper Perimeter of a Container

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of placing a UV device comprising a bracket to which the germicidalUV light source is attached on the upper perimeter of a container.Thereby the UV device comprising the UV light source is firmlypositioned on the upper perimeter of the container is restricted frommoving downwards due to the brackets. An exemplary placing of a bracketto which the germicidal UV light source is attached on the upperperimeter of a container is shown in FIGS. 3, 10, and 11. While thebracket is firmly placed on the upper perimeter of a container, as shownin FIGS. 3, 10, and 11 other parts of the UV device can be moveddownwards into the container.

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of placing a UV device comprising a housing to which the germicidalUV light source is attached (either directly or indirectly) on the upperperimeter of a container. Thereby the UV device comprising the UV lightsource is firmly positioned on the upper perimeter of the container andis restricted from moving downwards, e.g., by comprising a base plate(e.g., FIGS. 28, 29). An exemplary placing of a housing and base plateto which the germicidal UV light source is attached on the upperperimeter of a container is shown in FIGS. 28 and 29. While the baseplate is firmly placed on the upper perimeter of a container, as shownin FIG. 29 other parts of the UV device, such as the UV light source canbe moved downwards into the container.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a subject method comprisesthe step of positioning a UV device on top of an opening of a container.This step is schematically depicted, e.g., in FIGS. 1-3, 10, 11, 29, 30,34, 41, 44 and 48.

G. Movably and Inwardly Inserting a Second Germicidal UV Light SourceThrough an Opening of a Container, or into a Room or into a DefinedEnvironment

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of movably and inwardly inserting through an opening of acontainer, into a room or into a defined environment a second germicidalUV light source. The second germicidal UV light source can be insertedsimilarly as the first germicidal light source or differently. Insertionof the second germicidal UV light source can be simultaneously withinsertion of the first germicidal light source or subsequently. Inembodiments comprising a member of the UVT-4 family of UV devices,wherein at least one first germicidal light source is connected to alower frame and wherein at least one second UV light source is connectedto an upper frame and wherein the lower frame and upper frame areconnected, both germicidal UV light sources are inserted simultaneouslyinto a container, into a room or into a defined environment. In someembodiments, the second germicidal light source differs from the firstgermicidal light source in dimension and/or intensity.

H. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source to a First Vertical DownwardsPosition within a Container, a Room, or Defined Environment

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of moving a germicidal UV light source to a first verticaldownwards position within a container, a room or a defined environment.Moving a germicidal UV light source to a first vertical downwardsposition within a container, a room or a defined environment isdescribed herein.

I. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a First Vertical DownwardsPosition to a Horizontal Position within a Container, a Room or aDefined Environment

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of moving a germicidal UV light source from a first verticaldownwards position to a horizontal position within a container, a room,or a defined environment. As one of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate, moving a germicidal UV light source from a first verticaldownwards position to a horizontal position within a container, a room,or a defined environment, comprises moving the UV device through angularpositions between the first vertical position and the horizontalposition. Such movement can be terminated at any desired angularposition between the first vertical downwards position and thehorizontal position. Moving a germicidal UV light source from a firstvertical downwards position to a horizontal position within a container,a room or a defined environment is described herein.

J. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a Horizontal Position to aSecond Vertical Downwards Position within a Container, a Room or aDefined Environment

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontal positionto a second vertical downwards position within a container, a room, or adefined environment. As one of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate, moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontalposition to a a second vertical downwards position within a container, aroom, or a defined environment, comprises moving the UV device throughangular positions between the horizontal position and the secondvertical downwards position. Such movement can be terminated at anydesired angular position between the horizontal position and the secondvertical downwards position. Moving a germicidal UV light source from ahorizontal position to a second vertical downwards position within acontainer, a room or a defined environment is described herein.

K. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a Horizontal Position to aFirst Vertical Position within a Container, a Room or a DefinedEnvironment

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontal positionwithin a container to a first vertical position within a container, aroom, or a defined environment. As one of ordinary skill in the art willappreciate, moving a germicidal UV light source from a horizontalposition to a first vertical within a container, a room, or a definedenvironment, comprises moving the UV device through angular positionsbetween the horizontal position and the first vertical position. Suchmovement can be terminated at any desired angular position between thehorizontal position and the first vertical position. Moving a germicidalUV light source from a horizontal position within a container to a firstvertical position within a container, a room, or a defined environmentis described herein.

L. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a First Vertical Position toa Second Vertical Position within a Container, a Room or a DefinedEnvironment

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of moving a germicidal UV light source from a first verticalposition within a container, a room, or a defined environment to asecond vertical position within the container, room or definedenvironment. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, movinga germicidal UV light source from a first vertical position to a secondvertical position within a container, a room, or a defined environment,comprises moving the UV device in increments of inches or centimetersbetween the first vertical position and the second vertical position.Such movement can be terminated at any desired position between thefirst vertical position and the second vertical position. Moving agermicidal UV light source from a first vertical position within acontainer to a second vertical position within a container is describedherein.

M. Moving a Germicidal UV Light Source from a First Horizontal Positionto a Second Horizontal Position within a Container, a Room or a DefinedEnvironment

In some embodiments, a method of the present invention comprises thestep of moving a germicidal UV light source from a first horizontalposition within a container, a room, or a defined environment to asecond horizontal position within the container, room or definedenvironment. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, movinga germicidal UV light source from a first horizontal position to asecond horizontal position within a container, a room, or a definedenvironment, comprises moving the UV device in increments of inches orcentimeters between the first horizontal position and the secondhorizontal position. Such movement can be terminated at any desiredposition between the first horizontal position and the second horizontalposition. Moving a germicidal UV light source from a first horizontalposition within a container to a second horizontal position within acontainer is described herein. For example, it has been found thatmembers of the UVT-4 family of portable UV devices are particular usefulfor sanitizing large containers, large rooms and large definedenvironments. As described in the Examples, UV devices have been used tosterilize tanks having a capacity ranging from about 5,000 gallons tomore than 200,000 gallons, ranging in diameters from several yards ormeters to about ten yards or meters. Sometimes, those large containersdo not have sufficient breathable air to permit a user of a portable UVdevice to crawl into such container and move the UV device from a firstposition to a second position, either horizontally, vertically orangularly. While in some embodiments, motorized units are used toaccomplish such movements, other embodiments provide for a simple manualuse. In such embodiments, an extension tool is provided (FIG. 62). Insome embodiments, an extension tool comprises an extension rod 173,which can be of varying length. In some embodiments, the extension rod173 is extendable by itself and the length of extension is locked in bya fastening mechanism. In some embodiments, the extension tool comprisesa base plate 172, having a front side and a back side (FIG. 62). In someembodiments, the extension rod 173 is attached to the back side of thebase plate (FIG. 62). In some embodiments, a plurality of wheels 114 areattached to the base plate 172 (FIG. 62). Once connected to theextension tool (see below), wheels 114 facilitate movement of a portableUV device within a container, room or defined environment. In someembodiments, an extension tool further comprises a top plate 171 havingan upper side and a lower side (FIG. 62). In some embodiments of anextension tool, the top plate 171 is attached to the base plate 172 in aperpendicular orientation. Other attachments are within the art.

FIG. 63 shows an exemplary attachment of an extension tool to a portableUV device. In this non-limiting example, the extension tool is connectedto a means for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of acontainer, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a definedenvironment. More specifically, in this non-limiting example, theextension tool is connected to a mounting bracket 3 attached to theportable UV device. As shown un FIG. 63, the mounting bracket 3 adaptedto attach the portable UV device to an opening of e.g., a container, isfurther adapted to connect with the extension tool. More specifically,the top plate 171 of the extension tool is attached to the mountingbracket 3 and fastened to it by the bracket tightening knob 149. Asfurther shown in FIG. 64, once the extension tool is attached to themounting bracket 3, the portable UV device is then positioned on thebottom of the large container at its first horizontal position. This ismade possible because of the second hinge 174, which moveable connectsthe bracket 3 with the lower frame 146 of the UV device. By manuallypushing the extension tool and facilitated by the wheels 114 attached tothe portable UV device and wheels 114 attached to the extension tool, auser can easily move the portable UV device from the first horizontalposition to a second horizontal position within the container (or a roomor a defined environment). To ensure that the vertical interior surfacesare treated with approximately the same UV dose, in some embodiments,the second horizontal position is in the middle of a container, room, ordefined environment. Once the sanitization cycle is complete, as one ofordinary skill in the art will appreciate, a user will pull back theextension tool and thereby move the portable UV device from that secondhorizontal position back to the first horizontal position for easyretrieval from the container, room or defined environment.

N. Inhibiting Growth of Microorganisms

In some embodiments of the present invention, a germicidal light sourceis used to inhibit the growth of a microorganism or inhibit the growthof one or more microorganisms. The terms “inhibiting the growth ofmicroorganisms,” growth arresting microorganisms,” “reducingmicroorganisms,” “killing microorganisms,” or grammatically equivalentsare used interchangeably herein.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a microorganism is a yeastspecies. The following provides a non-exhaustive list of yeast speciesthat are typically found in a fermentation container, and morespecifically on an interior surface of a fermentation container. Yeastspecies that have been investigated for wine and beer production includethose from the Candida, Kloeckera, Hanseniaspora, Zygosaccharomyces,Schizosaccharomyces, Torulaspora, Brettanomyces, Pichia, Hansenula,Metschnikowia, Torulespora, Debaryomyces, Saccharrmycodes (speciesludwigii), and Williopsis genera. Cultured yeast species includeSaccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus. The growth ofnon-Saccharomyces yeast in wine production is also being investigatedand can be inhibited. Thus, in some embodiments, it is particularlydesirable to inhibit the growth of a yeast species using a method of thepresent invention. For example, 17,600 μWs/cm² is necessary for a 2 logkilling of Sacchahhmycodes and 6,600 μWs/cm² for a 2 log killing ofBrewer's yeast. UV intensities required for sterilization for unknownmicroorganism species can be determined by one of skill in the art usingmethods known in the art and described herein.

Some of the microorganisms found in a fermentation container, morespecifically, on an interior surface of a fermentation container, arepathogenic. In some embodiments of the present invention, amicroorganism is a pathogenic microorganism. Those microorganismsinclude, but are not limited to, Escherichia coli, Corynebacteriumdiphtheria, Salmonella paratyphi (causing enteric fever), Salmonellatyphosa (causing typhoid fever), Shigella dysenteriae (causingdysentery), Shigella flexerni (causing dysentery), Staphylococcus albus,Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Streptococcus lactis,Streptococcus viridian and Vibrio comma (causing cholera). Thus, in someembodiments, it is particularly desirable to inhibit the growth of apathogenic microorganism using a method of the present invention.

Other microorganisms found in a fermentation container, morespecifically on an interior surface of a fermentation container, aredetrimental in the production of a fermented beverage. Thosemicroorganisms include, but are not limited to, Brettanomyces (Dekkera),lactic acid bacteria, Pediococcus, Lactobacillus, and Oenococcus.Brettanomyces species include B. abstinens, B. anomalus, B.bruxellensis, B. claussenii, B. custersianus, B. custersii, B.intermedius, B. lambicus, and B. naardensis. The genus Dekkera (theperfect form of Brettanomyces, meaning it can sporulate), includes thespecies D. bruxellensis and D. intermedius. Thus, in some embodiments,it is particularly desirable to inhibit the growth of a microorganism,which is detrimental in the production of a fermented beverage, using amethod of the present invention.

Other microorganisms found in a fermentation container, morespecifically on an interior surface of a fermentation container, thatare detrimental in the production of a fermented beverage are bacterialmicroorganisms. Bacteria genus include, but are not limited to,Acetobacter, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc. Acetobacterspecies include, e.g., A. aceti, A. hansennii, A. liquefaciens, and A.pasteurienus. Lactobacillus species (ML bacteria, spoilage) include,e.g., L. fructivorans and others. Pediococcus species (ML bacteria,spoilage) include, e.g., P. damnosus and others. Leuconostoc species (MLbacteria) include, e.g., L. o and others. Thus, in some embodiments, itis particularly desirable to inhibit the growth of a bacterialmicroorganism using a method of the present invention.

1. Duration of Sterilization

The duration of sterilization, i.e., the time of activating a UV lightsource, determines the percentage of how many microorganisms are growtharrested or killed. As one of skill in the art will appreciate, theduration of a sterilization cycle is based on the power output of the UVlamp and the distance of the UV lamp from the walls and surfaces of thecontainer to be sterilized.

In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for atime to ensure that at least 90% of the microorganisms present on thesurface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skill inart will appreciate that a 90% growth arrest of microorganismscorresponds to a 1 log reduction.

In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for atime to ensure that at least 99% of the microorganisms present on thesurface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skill inart will appreciate that a 99% growth arrest of microorganismscorresponds to a 2 log reduction.

In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for atime to ensure that at least 99.9% of the microorganisms present on thesurface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skill inart will appreciate that a 99.9% growth arrest of microorganismscorresponds to a 3 log reduction.

In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for atime to ensure that at least 99.99% of the microorganisms present on thesurface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skill inart will appreciate that a 99.99% growth arrest of microorganismscorresponds to a 4 log reduction.

In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for atime to ensure that at least 99.999% of the microorganisms present onthe surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skillin art will appreciate that a 99.999% growth arrest of microorganismscorresponds to a 5 log reduction.

In some embodiments, the duration of sterilization is performed for atime to ensure that at least 99.9999% of the microorganisms present onthe surface of a container are growth arrested or killed. One of skillin art will appreciate that a 99.9999% growth arrest of microorganismscorresponds to a 6 log reduction.

Examples 6 and 7, in particular, provide useful times and guidance forsanitization of various containers. Examples 10 and 11 provide exemplarycomparative studies of sanitization using a UV device of the presentinvention and other sanitization methods.

2. Extinction Depths at 254 nm Wavelength

When practicing methods of the present invention, the extinction depthsof the UV light source at 254 nm wavelength in various liquids needs tobe taken into consideration, unless the surface of the container to besterilized is completely dry. The application of UV light to sterilize asurface following a pressure wash would have to take into account theextinction depth of UV light at 254 nm in the remaining tap water.However, the depth of tap water the UV light must penetrate is minimaland would be equivalent to that of a film of water or at mostinterspersed water droplets. In some instances, the effect of depth oftap water on the duration of sterilization and kill rate will have to betested using methods described herein and available in the art. This isdue to the fact that following pressure washing of a container (e.g., afermentation vessel), the remaining layer of water covering thecontainer may not be homogeneous. Maximum depths of water drops can beused to calculate extra time needed for the sterilization cycle.Although the extinction coefficient could theoretically be used tocalculate this, it would not take into account the reflection andscattering caused by uneven surfaces of the water film and waterdroplets, as such empirical data would be more useful for determininghow to adjust sterilization timing. The following table providesguidance:

TABLE 7 Extinction Depths at 254 nm Wavelength (relationship to clearwater) (American Ultraviolet Company, Lebanon, IN 46052, USA) LiquidExtinction Depth Apple juice 1.0 Beer <1.3 Liquid sugar 1.0 Milk -whole, raw <0.1 Vinegar <5.0 Water - concrete cistern <75 Water -distilled 3,000 Water - tap or mains 125-180 Wine <2.5

O. Assessing Microbial Concentration

Microbial concentration on interior surfaces of containers may beassessed before and after performing a method of the present invention,such as the UV disinfection and UV sterilization methods describedherein. A lower microbial concentration on interior surfaces ofcontainers after a method of the present invention, e.g., performing aUV disinfection or UV sterilization method evidences the effectivenessof the method used. Methods for assessing microbial concentration areknown in the art. Exemplary methods are described herein.

Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, includingthe best mode known to the inventor for carrying out the invention. Ofcourse, variations on those preferred embodiments will become apparentto those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoingdescription. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ suchvariations as appropriate, and the inventor intends for the invention tobe practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly,this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subjectmatter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicablelaw. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

As can be appreciated from the disclosure above, the present inventionhas a wide variety of applications. While each of the elements of thepresent invention is described herein as containing multipleembodiments, it should be understood that, unless indicated otherwise,each of the embodiments of a given element of the present invention iscapable of being used with each of the embodiments of the other elementsof the present invention and each such use is intended to form adistinct embodiment of the present invention. The invention is furtherillustrated by the following examples, which are only illustrative andare not intended to limit the definition and scope of the invention inany way.

M. Sanitization of a Room, a Space or a Defined Environment

In some embodiments, a UV device, preferably a UV light source, morepreferably a germicidal UV light source, is used to sanitize a room, aspace or a defined environment. The terms “sanitization” or “sanitation”and “UV sterilization” and grammatical equivalents thereof are usedinterchangeably herein. The meaning of a room is not limited to anenclosed room having walls, a ceiling, a floor or other barriers, butrather includes spaces open to at least on side and any definedenvironment. As exemplified herein, in some embodiments, a room, a spaceor defined environment is selected from the group consisting of acommercial kitchen, a medical facility, an acute care area, an operatingroom, a medical equipment storage cabinet, a clean room, a bathroom, afood production area, a nursery home, a trailer, a truck, a wagon, arail car, an airplane, a boat, a grocery store display case, and a delicounter.

Thus, the present invention provides methods for sanitization (UVsterilization) of a room, a space or a defined environment. In someembodiments of this method, the method comprises the step of providing aroom, a space or a defined environment in need of sanitization andexposing the room, the space or the defined environment to ultraviolet(UV) sterilization using a UV device. In some embodiments of thismethod, the method comprises the step of selecting a room, a space or adefined environment in need of sanitization and exposing the room, thespace or the defined environment to ultraviolet (UV) sterilization usinga UV device. Suitable UV devices are described herein. Some embodimentsof the method for sanitizing a room, a space or defined environmentcomprise the step of attaching a UV device to a fixture within the room,the space or the defined environment. Some embodiments of the method forsanitizing a room, a space or defined environment comprise the step ofattaching a UV device to a wall within the room, the space or thedefined environment. Some embodiments of the method for sanitizing aroom, a space or a defined environment comprise the step of attaching aUV device to a ceiling of the room, space or defined environment. Someembodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or a definedenvironment comprise the step of attaching a UV device to an object orstructure present in the room, the space or the defined environment.Objects or structures to which a UV device can be attached include, butare not limited to, a conveyer belt, a hood, a cabinet, a display case,etc. A UV device can also be superimposed over or attached to apreexisting light fixture.

Some embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or adefined environment comprise the step of moving a UV light source from aclosed position to an exposed position.

Some embodiments of the method for sanitizing a room, a space or adefined environment comprise the step of activating the UV light source.

In some embodiments of a UV device being used for the sanitization of aroom, a space or a defined environment, a portable UV device may beused. In some embodiments, an RFID tag is mounted to a doorway of aroom, a space or a defined environment intended to be sanitized. In someembodiments, an RFID tag reader is mounted to the UV device, such thatwhen the UV device is brought into the room, the space or the definedenvironment, the tag is read. Information on the tag includes, but isnot limited to, dimension and type of the room, the space or the definedenvironment, and a desired log reduction. This information is uploadedinto the UV device and a sanitization cycle is preprogrammed.

As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate some embodiments ofthe method for sanitizing a room, a space or a defined environmentcomprise steps described herein for the sanitization (UV sterilization)of a container or surface of a container. Those steps are described indetail herein and one of ordinary skill in the art can easily adaptthose steps for the use in the method for sanitizing a room, a space ora defined environment.

In some embodiments, a room, a space or a defined environment is exposedto UV radiation. It is to be understood that the invention can beapplied to any defined environment. For example, an environment may bedefined by solid surfaces or barriers, such as a wall or productpackaging.

A room, a space or a defined environment accepts a UV light source forthe purpose of sterilization of a wall, a ceiling or a floor, includingany and all objects, fluids, materials, and surfaces contained withinthe room, the space or defined environment. In some embodiments, theobjects, fluids, materials, and surfaces within the room, the space orthe defined environment are contained within the room, the space or thedefined environment temporarily. In other embodiments, they arecontained within the room, the space, the defined environmentpermanently.

The present invention provides for the sanitization of a variety ofrooms, spaces or defined environments. Rooms, spaces or definedenvironments include, but are not limited to a commercial kitchen, anoperating room, a clean room (ISO 1-ISO 9), a food production area, anursery home. An exemplary application of a UV device described hereinwould be for sanitizing a sensitive area of a medical facility, such asan acute care area or an operating room. Other areas in a medicalfacility that can be sanitized using a UV device described hereininclude a waiting room, a bathroom, and a medical equipment storagecabinet.

A UV device described herein may also be configured into a foodprocessing equipment so that food is treated as it moves through theequipment, for example on a conveyor belt, automatic cutters and slicersand inspection areas. The product may be tumbled to promote uniformtreatment. The UV device may also be configured to be placed incontainers, trailers, cars, trucks, rail cars, airplanes or as acomponent to a refrigeration system of such containers, trailers, cars,trucks, rail cars and airplanes to sanitize the air therein whileproviding the beneficial preservative effects of ozone to any productsstored therein.

Other exemplary applications of a UV device described herein include theprovision or incorporation of the UV device into grocery store displaycases, such as deli counters and meat, fish and poultry display casesand floral display cases, both refrigerated and non-refrigerated.

Still other examples of areas that can be sanitized with a UV devicedescribed herein include parcels, packages, and envelopes, also whenmoving on a conveyor belt. The parcels, packages, and envelopes may betumbled or turned to promote uniform treatment.

In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of aroom, a space or defined environment, one or more UV lamps are attachedto the ceiling of the room, the space or the defined environment in ahousing. One non-limiting embodiment of such UV device is shown in FIG.27. The housing may be referred to as a box, UV light box or box-likehousing. In some embodiments of the UV device, the UV device comprisesUV lamps arranged in one or more UV lamp clusters, each comprising two,three, or more UV lamps. As shown in FIG. 27, the UV lamp clusters caneither be stationary or retrievable. The UV device may also havecombinations of stationary and retrievable UV lamp clusters, Forexample, FIG. 27 shows a UV device having one stationary UV lamp clusterand four retrievable UV lamp clusters. Thus, in one embodiment of theinvention, a UV device is a UV device mountable to the ceiling or wallof a room, a space or a defined environment and comprises at least onestationary UV lamp cluster and at least one retrievable UV lamp cluster.In other embodiments, all UV lamp clusters are retrievable. In stillother embodiments, all UV lamp clusters are stationary.

As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, a UV devicemountable to a ceiling or wall may have different configurations withrespect to height, width and length dimensions as the one shown in FIG.27.

When the UV lamp clusters comprising the UV lamps 5 are in a closed,locked or folded position, they may be folded completely within abox-like housing 79 as shown in FIG. 27B. This can be easily achieved bypositioning UV lamp holders 82 at slightly different height positions onthe sides of the box-like housing 79 as shown in FIG. 27. A hinge or UVlamp module swing 81 serves to move the UV lamp holder into a desiredposition, for example from a closed, locked, or folded position into aposition where the UV lamps are exposed (FIG. 27). Optionally, the UVlamp clusters may be covered temporarily with a removable lid, cover, orpanel when in the closed, locked or folded position. The interiorsurface of box-like housing 79 may be covered with a reflective interiorsurface so to enhance the sanitization process.

In some embodiments of a UV device mountable to a ceiling or wall of aroom, a space or a defined environment, the UV lamps or UV lamp clustersare fully enclosed in a housing when not in use. Prior to use of the UVlamps or UV lamp clusters for sanitization, the UV lamps or UV lampclusters are moved from an enclosed position to an exposed positionthrough one or more openings in the housing. The opening of the housingmay also be covered by a flap door/hinge mechanism so that the UV lampsare not visible when the UV device is not in use.

In some embodiments, the UV lamp clusters extend from the box-likehousing at varying angles.

A motor may be used to move the hinge or UV lamp module swing 81 andarrest them in a desired fixed angle position. Thus, the position of theUV lamps is adjustable vertically and horizontally in relation to thehousing to optimize sanitization. Adjustments may be made hydraulically,pneumatically, electronically, mechanically, or by other equivalentmeans.

In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of aroom, a space or defined environment, one or more UV lamps are attachedto the side of a room, a space or a defined environment in a housing.The housing can be similar to the one shown in FIG. 27, however, mayhave different configurations with respect to height, width and lengthdimensions. When in use, the UV lamps may extend from the housing atvarying angles. When not in use, the UV lamps may be retracted into aclosed, locked, or folded position. Positioning the UV lamps into adesired position can be done by using a motor.

A UV device described herein may be configured for general roomsanitization, space sanitization or defined environment sanitizationapplications wherein the UV device, or components thereof, may be placedon a moving part, either permanently or temporarily during thesanitization procedure. In some embodiments, a moving part comprises amotorized unit. In some embodiments, a moving part comprises a railingsystem to which a UV device is movably attached, either temporarily orpermanently. The railing system then determines the movement of the UVdevice within the room, the space or the defined environment. In someembodiments, a railing system is attached to a ceiling of the room, thespace or the defined environment.

In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of aroom, a space or a defined environment, the UV device comprises a rangefinding device to determine the size of the room, the space or thedefined environment to be sanitized. The range-finder then providesinformation to preprogram an effective sanitization cycle.

In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of aroom, a space or a defined environment, a multi bulb UV cluster extendsfrom the ceiling of a room, a space or a defined environment with the UVlamps extending at varying angles to optimize coverage and UV exposureof the room, the space or the defined environment.

In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of aroom, a space or a defined environment, a multi lamp UV cluster extendsfrom the ceiling of a room, a space or a defined environment withindividual UV light coming down independently at varying angles.

In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of aroom, a space or a defined environment, the UV lamp cluster and housingare permanently fixed to either a wall, a floor, or a ceiling of theroom, the space or the defined environment.

In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of aroom, a space or a defined environment, the UV lamp cluster is attachedvia a fixture to the ceiling of the room, the space or the definedenvironment. The fixture may be permanently attached and the UV bulbcluster and housing may be removable.

In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of aroom, a space or a defined environment, the dimensions of the room, thespace or the defined environment are preprogrammed into the UV deviceallowing the timing of sanitization to be optimized and the minimalnecessary UV dose required for sanitation to be reached while minimizingpower use. Preferred is an approximately 3 log reduction ofmicroorganism or more, determined as described herein.

In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of aroom, a space or a defined environment, the UV device is linked to amotion detector. This may be helpful to ensure people and/or animals areabsent from the room, the space or the defined environment prior to thebeginning of the sanitization cycle. It will also be helpful forshutting off and deactivating the UV sterilization process if a personenters a room, a space or a defined environment while a UV sterilizationprocess is in process.

In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of aroom, a space or a defined environment, multiple UV lamp clusters arespread throughout the room, the space or the defined environment. Basedon the dimension and shape of the room, the space or the definedenvironment, the positioning of the UV lamps and angles are accountedfor and this information is programmed into an algorithm allowing thetiming of sanitization to be optimized and the minimal necessary UV doserequired for sanitation to be reached while minimizing power use.Preferred is an approximately 3 log reduction of microorganism or more,determined as described herein. The positioning of the UV lamps andangles can also be communicated via wireless technology. In someembodiments, a rangefinder analyzes the shape and dimension of the room,the space or the defined environment and inputs that information into analgorithm allowing the timing of sanitization to be optimized and theminimal necessary UV dose required for sanitation to be reached whileminimizing power use. Preferred is an approximately 3 log reduction ofmicroorganisms or more, determined as described herein.

In some embodiments of a UV device, when used for sanitization of aroom, a space or a defined environment, the UV bulb is attached to thebottom of a robot having wheels and follows programming allowing it toboth perform an effective moving pattern on the floor covering desiredareas. The robot may also have an object and wall avoiding programmingand technology. The robot may move at a speed allowing an effective UVdose required for sanitization to be reached while minimizing power use.Preferred is an approximately 3 log reduction of microorganisms or more,determined as described herein.

In some embodiments of a UV device, the UV bulb is attached to thebottom of a robot crawler that uses suction allowing it to crawlvertically on walls and horizontally on ceilings of a room, space orenvironment. The robot crawler may follow programming allowing it toperform an effective pattern on the wall and ceiling covering desiredareas. The robot crawler may move at a speed allowing an effective UVdose required for sanitization to be reached while minimizing power use.Preferred is an approximately 3 log reduction of microorganisms or more,determined as described herein.

It is also understood that for the methods described herein, individualsteps may be performed by more than one person or more than one entity.Thus, not every step of a method described herein must be performed bythe same person or entity.

VI. Methods of Manufacturing

In another aspect of the present invention, methods of manufacturing aUV device described herein, are provided. While the following providessteps for manufacturing a UV device of the UVT-4 family of portable UVdevices, one of ordinary skill in the art will deduce from thereon stepsfor manufacturing other UV devices described herein as well. As one ofordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the steps provided below maybe performed in any order, unless clearly contradicted by content orexplicitly stated. One of ordinary skill in the art reviewing FIGS.49-67 will readily identify locations within the UV device to whichindividual parts and components have been attached. One of ordinaryskill in the art reviewing FIGS. 49-67, however, will also appreciatethat those locations to which individual parts are shown being attached,are non-limiting.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thesteps of attaching at least one first germicidal UV light source to alower frame 146, attaching at least one second germicidal UV lightsource to an upper frame, and attaching a first hinge 145 to the lowerframe 146 and to the upper frame thereby connecting the lower frame 146to the upper frame so that the upper frame can move in a positionranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position ofthe lower frame 146. In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UVdevice comprises the step of attaching the first hinge 145 to the lowerframe 146 and to the upper frame using fasteners 177 so that fasteners177 movably connect the upper frame to the lower frame 146 wherein theupper frame is capable of swinging into an angular position with respectto the position of the lower frame 146.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a means for controlling or facilitating movement ofthe upper frame into a position ranging from about 0 to about 90 degreeswith respect to the position of the lower frame. Suitable means forcontrolling or facilitating movement of the upper frame into a positionranging from about 0 to about 90 degrees with respect to the position ofthe lower frame and individual components thereof for attaching aredescribed herein.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of surrounding a first germicidal UV light source with a UV lightpermissible housing 2. Suitable housings 2 are described herein.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of surrounding a second germicidal UV light source with a UV lightpermissible housing 2. Suitable housings 2 are described herein.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching to the lower frame 146 a means for attaching theportable UV device to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room,or to a fixture in or at a space or defined environment. Suitable meansfor attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container, to afixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or definedenvironment and individual components thereof for attaching aredescribed herein and shown in figures. In some embodiments, a method ofmanufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a brackettightening knob 149 to the means for attaching the portable UV device toan opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in orat a space or defined environment. In some embodiments, a method ofmanufacturing a UV device comprises the step of attaching a first ropepost 150 to the means for attaching the portable UV device to an openingof a container, to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a spaceor defined environment. In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing aUV device comprises the step of attaching a second rope post 151 to themeans for attaching the portable UV device to an opening of a container,to a fixture in a room, or to a fixture in or at a space or definedenvironment. In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV devicecomprises the step of attaching a means for attaching the portable UVdevice to an opening of a container, to a fixture in a room, or to afixture in or at a space or defined environment to the lower frame 146via a second hinge 174.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a first upper frame end 147 to the upper frame.Suitable non-limiting, examples of first upper frame ends 147 aredescribed herein and shown in figures.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a second upper frame end 152 to the upper frame.Suitable non-limiting examples of second upper frame ends 152 aredescribed herein and shown in figures.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a first lower frame end 148 to the lower frame 146.Suitable non-limiting examples of first lower frame ends 148 aredescribed herein and shown in figures.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a second lower frame end 153 to the lower frame 146.Suitable non-limiting examples of second lower frame ends 153 aredescribed herein and shown in figures.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a UV sensor 154 to the upper frame.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a UV sensor 154 to the lower frame 146.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a plurality of protective rods 155 between the firstupper frame end 147 and the second upper frame end 152.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a plurality of protective rods 155 between the firstlower frame end 148 and the second lower frame end 153.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a plurality of cross connectors 156 to the upper frameso that the plurality of protective rods 155 penetrates same.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching an upper frame fixture clip 157 to the first lowerframe end 148 so that the upper frame fixture clip 157 can engage withthe first upper frame end 147 and prevents the upper frame from moving.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of running a cable 158 through a cable guide 180 of the first hinge145 so that a first end of the cable 158 can engage with a first hook178 of an extension spring 165 and so that the second end of cable 158is fixed in a cable anchoring point 182 within the first hinge 145.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a cross connector 164 to lower frame 146

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a first side plate 162 to the cross connector 164.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a second side plate 163 to the cross connector 164.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a side plate spacer 161 between the first side plate162 and the second side plate 163.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a stop post 159 to the first side plate 162 so thatthe stop post 159 prevents the upper frame of the portable UV device tomove beyond a perpendicular/vertical position with respect to the lowerframe 146 of the UV device.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a stop post 159 to the second side plate 163 so thatthe stop post 159 prevents the upper frame of the portable UV device tomove beyond a perpendicular/vertical position with respect to the lowerframe 146 of the UV device.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a second anchoring post 168 for an extension spring165 to the lower frame 146.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a first hook 178 of an extension spring 165 to thefirst end of cable 158 to form a first anchoring post 167 for theextension spring 165.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a second hook 179 of an extension spring 165 to secondanchoring post 168 for the extension spring 165.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching a handle 91 to the second anchoring post 168.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of coating the lower side of the lower frame 146 with a plastic orteflon.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of drilling an aperture into the first upper frame end 147 so thatit can serve as a rope anchoring point 170.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching UV lamp sockets 94 to a first germicidal UV lightsource and attaching the UV lamp sockets 94/first germicidal UV lightsource to openings in the first upper frame end 147 and in the secondupper frame end 152 so that the first germicidal UV light source ispositioned in between the first upper frame end 147 and the second upperframe end 152.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a UV device comprises thestep of attaching UV lamp sockets 94 to a second germicidal UV lightsource and attaching the UV lamp sockets 94/second germicidal UV lightsource to openings in the first lower frame end 148 and in the secondlower frame end 153 so that the second germicidal UV light source ispositioned in between the first lower frame end 148 and the second lowerframe end 153.

VII. Examples

The below examples are meant to illustrate specific embodiments of themethods and compositions described herein and should not be construed aslimiting the scope of the invention in any way.

Example 1. Assessing Microbial Concentration

i. Inoculation of a Container

The following is an exemplary method for assessing microbialconcentration in a tank after UV disinfection according to a methoddescribed herein and after using the standard sodium hydroxide andcitric acid procedure or hypochlorite and citric acid (Emmanuel et al.,2004, Environmental International, 30(7): 891-900).

Four tanks (wine fermentation vessels; stainless steel) are provided.Two tanks have a 36″ radius and two tanks have a 60″ radius and a heightof 120″. The tanks are pressure washed with water and inoculated withspoilage yeast, cultured yeast, and pathogenic microorganisms (see Table8).

TABLE 8 Exemplary Inoculating Containers (Tanks) With MicroorganismSpoilage Yeast Cultured Yeast Pathogenic Microorganisms Brettanomycesabstinens Saccharomyces Salmonella spp cerevisiae Brettanomyces anomalusSaccharomyces Clostridium botulinum bayanus Brettanomyces bruxellensisStaphylococcus aureus Brettanomyces claussenii Campylobacter jejuniBrettanomyces custersianus Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersiniapseudotuberculosis Brettanomyces custersii Listeria monocytogenesBrettanomyces intermedius Vibrio cholerae O1 Brettanomyces lambicusVibrio cholerae non-O1 Brettanomyces naardensis Vibrio parahaemolyticusand other vibrios Vibrio vulnificus Clostridium perfringens Bacilluscereus Aeromonas hydrophila and other spp Plesiomonas shigelloidesShigella spp Miscellaneous enterics Streptococcus Escherichia colienterotoxigenic (ETEC) Escherichia coli enteropathogenic (EPEC)Escherichia coli O157:H7 enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia colienteroinvasive (EIEC)

The tanks are inoculated on multiple surfaces, such as the corners, theweld seams, the bottom and sides of the tanks. After the inoculation andbefore the UV or chemical disinfection, samples are collected fromseveral interior surfaces of the tanks (as described below). Thosesamples will be referred to as control samples or no treatment samples.

A UV light source, an American Air and Water UVC lamp 64″ in length withan output of 190 microwatts/cm² at 254 nm (Model GML270) is insertedinto a 36″ radius tank (see, FIGS. 1-3) and activated for 1 minute and26 seconds for each 64″ interval of the tank. The UV-C lamp is moveddown the 36″ radius tank until the entire interior surface has beencovered by the same intensity (dose) of UV-C light. After each intervalof 1 minute and 26 seconds the UV lamp will be lowered by 64″. In orderto kill 100% of Saccharomyces sp. Yeast, 17,600 microwatt/cm² is needed(The timing of 1 minute and 26 seconds was based on achieving 17,600microwatt/cm² at a distance of 36″).

A UV light source, an American Air and water UVC lamp 64″ in length withan output of 190 microwatts/cm² at 254 nm (Model GML270) is insertedinto a 60″ radius tank (see, FIGS. 1-3) and activated for 3 minute and41 seconds for each 64″ interval of the tank. The UV-C lamp is moveddown the 60″ radius tank until the entire interior surface has beencovered by the same intensity (dose) of UV-C light. After each intervalof 3 minute and 41 seconds the lamp will be lowered by 64″ In order tokill 100% of Saccharomyces sp. Yeast, 17,600 microwatt/cm² is needed(The timing of 3 minute and 41 seconds was based on achieving 17,600microwatt/cm² at a distance of 60″).

The other 36″ and 60″ tanks, which have been comparably inoculated, arecleaned using the standard sodium hydroxide and citric acid solutions.

In a separate series of experiments, following inoculation, the tanksare sterilized/disinfected at different time intervals simulatingalcoholic beverage production protocols (e.g., the time between tanksbeing emptied and then refilled).

ii. Collecting Samples from an Interior Surface of a Container

After completing the UV disinfection or the chemical disinfection asdescribed above, the interior surfaces of the tanks are wiped using,e.g., Fellowes Surface Cleaning Wipes (STRATUS Inc., Amarillo, Tex.),which are premoisten antistatic wipes. Prior to the sampling, a sheet oforiginal wipe cloth is cut to one forth size (48 cm²) using sterilizedscissors, placed into sterile whirl pack bags, and placed under a UVlamp for disinfection. Several areas of the tanks are wiped back andforth over the entire surface area of approximately 10 cm² using severalvertical strokes, then folded with the fresh side of the wipe exposed,and several horizontal strokes were made over the same area with theother side of the wipe. After the sampling, the wipes are placed in 10mL of phosphate buffer saline plus 0.01% Tween-80 (PBST) in 50-mL tubes.Types of sampling areas are recorded after the sampling.

iii. Microbial Assays

Collected wipe samples are assayed with culture methods to measureviable microorganisms. Selective agars, i.e. Tryptic(ase) Soy Agar (TSA)for mesophilic bacteria and thermophilic actinomycetes, Mannitol SaltAgar (MSA) for Staphylococcus, CHROMagar for methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA) for total fungiare used.

The log reduction of each inoculated microorganism species is recorded.Experiments are repeated to obtain statistically significant results.

iv. Pulsed UV Light

In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in i. toiii. of above, are repeated using a pulsed UV light. Xenon,SteriPulse-XL and Model RS-3000M will be used. As shown in FIG. 10, 11,or 16 one pulsed UV lamp will be mounted on laterally adjustable arms ormounts that allow the pulsed UV lamp to be brought within the optimaldistance of 1.25″ of the surface to be sterilized. The pulsed UV lampuses an elliptical window and has a footprint of 16″×1″. The pulsed UVlamp will be rotated at speed such that the footprint is exposed for aduration of 1 second on the surface being sterilized. For the tank witha 36″ radius that means that the rate of rotation will be 0.277 rpm.After a 16″ interval of the tank has been exposed to the pulsed UV, thedevice will be lowered by 16″ and the rotation will be repeated. Thiswill be repeated in 16″ interval until the entire surface of the vesselhas been exposed.

v. Closed Top Container

In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in i. toiv. of above, are repeated using a closed top fermentation vessel.Essentially, the only difference will be that instead of supporting theUV device by a bracket from the top of the fermentation vessel, the UVdevice will be mounted on a tripod and inserted through a hatch at thebase of the fermentation vessel.

vi. Pressure Washing at Various Times

In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in i. tov. of above, are repeated by performing the pressure washing aftervarious times following the inoculation. In this series of experimentsit is also determined what, if any, effect the presence of waterdroplets will have on the log reduction. This is done by employing theUV device at various times following the pressure washing.

The first set of experiments involves inoculating the tanks and pressurewashing them at different time intervals following inoculation, such as24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 144 hours. The pressure washing is thenimmediately followed by a UV sterilization cycle. This is done todetermine whether the time bacteria and yeast are allowed to grow priorto pressure washing affects the final duration of the sterilizationcycle.

Another set of experiments will not vary the time between inoculationand pressure washing, but rather the time between pressure washing andUV sterilization. The objective will be to determine the effects ofvarying amounts of water on the inner surface of the tank and its effecton the duration of the sterilization cycle and log reduction. In thisset of experiments, the UV sterilization cycle can be applied at 0minutes following the pressure washing, 15 minutes following thepressure washing and in continually increasing 15 minute intervalsfollowing the pressure washing until the tank is completely dry.

vii. Dry Interior Surface

In a different series of experiments, the experiments described in i. tovi. of above, are repeated by including the step of allowing theinterior surface of the tanks to dry after performing the pressurewashing.

Example 2. Calculating Killing of Microorganisms

The following provides the steps to calculate the time needed to kill adesired microorganism using compositions and methods of the presentinvention. The required Energy Dosage of UV Radiation (UV Dose) inμWs/cm² needed for kill factor is provided herein in Tables 1-5. Todetermine the intensity of UV on a surface at various distances from agermicidal UV lamp one divides the radiant energy (shown in microwattsper square centimeter at one meter) by the intensity factor as shown inthe Table 9 below.

TABLE 9 Intensity Factor (American Ultraviolet Company , Lebanon, IN46052, USA Distance from  2″ 3″ 4″  6″ 8″ 10″ 12″ 14″ 18″ 24″ UV LampIntensity Factor 32.3 22.8 18.6 12.9 9.85 7.94 6.48 5.35 3.6 2.33Distance from 36″ 39.37″ 48″ 60″ 80″ 100″ 120″ UV Lamp (1 meter)Intensity Factor 1.22 1.0 0.681 0.452 0256 0.169 0.115

Using a UV lamp with an output of 190 microwatts/cm² at 254 nm (at adistance of 1 meter), placed within a fermentation vessel 36″ from theinterior surface, the following calculations are used for achieving 99%killing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (13,200 microwatt seconds/cm²required; see Table 5). Step 1: 13,200 microwatt seconds/cm²/190microwatts/cm²=69.47 seconds. Step 2: The intensity factor at 36″ is1.22 (see Table 9), therefore 69.47 seconds/1.22=56.96 seconds.

Using a lamp with an output of 190 microwatts/cm² at 254 nm (at adistance of 1 meter), placed within a fermentation vessel 60″ from theinterior surface, the following calculations are used for achieving 99%killing of Shigella dysentery (4,200 microwatt seconds/cm² required; seeTable 2): Step 1. 4,200 microwatt seconds/cm²/190 microwatts/cm²=22.10seconds. Step 2: The intensity factor at 60″ is 0.452 (see Table 9),therefore 22.10 seconds/0.452=48.90 seconds.

Using a lamp with an output of 190 microwatts/cm² at 254 nm (at adistance of 1 meter), placed within a fermentation vessel 60″ from theinterior surface, the following calculations are used for achieving 99%killing of Sarcina lutea (26,400 microwatt seconds/cm² required; seeTable 2): Step 1. 26,400 microwatt seconds/cm²/190 microwatts/cm²=138.94seconds. Step 2: The intensity factor at 60″ is 0.452 (see Table 9),therefore 138.94 seconds/0.452=307.40 seconds.

Since Sarcina lutea is one of the most UV resistant bacteria (moreresistant than known species of yeast), a fermentation vessel where theUV source was 60″ away from the internal surface could be left on forabout 307.40 seconds at each sterilization interval within the vessel toensure all yeast (known) and pathogenic microorganisms are killed.

Example 3. Inhibiting the Growth of Bacillus Subtilis

To determine the effectiveness of a method of the present invention andefficacy of a UV device of the present invention for the sanitization ofa stainless steel tank used in the wine making process, thekilling/growth arrest of Bacillus subtilis (American Type CultureCollection, ATCC Number 82TM; designations: AMC [ATCC 8037, NRS 315])was investigated. Bacillus subtilus forms spores, thereby making it amore UV resistant microorganism than microorganisms that do not formspores. In this experiment 30″ SE UV-C lamps (Steril-Aire) were used.Three identical UV lamps were placed in a mount and put in a spiralconfiguration with each UV lamp set at a 15 degrees angle.

Two coupons (per time point) were spiked with a Bacillus subtilussuspension to give a final concentration of 9.6×10⁶ CFU (colony formingunits)/coupon for the first three time points. The fourth (25 minute)time point was inoculated with a suspension of 1.3×10⁷ CFU/coupon (sinceit was tested on a different day) and allowed to air dry inside abiological safety cabinet. The coupons were allowed to dry and attachedto the inside of stainless steel tank. Then the coupons were exposed tothe UV light at a distance of 60″ from the UV light source for four allfour (4) time points: 30 seconds, 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 25 minutes.After each exposure time was performed, the coupons were swabbed inorder to perform the recovery process. Two additional stainless steelcoupons were spiked to be used as positive controls.

UV readings to measure the UV-C exposure at various time points weredone using a General UV512C Digital UV-C Meter (radiometer). Table 10below provides the actual UV readings recorded for each exposure time:

TABLE 10 UV Readings per Time Point and Interval. 30 Seconds 5 Minutes15 Minutes 25 Minutes Time Point Time Point Time Point Time PointSeconds uW Minutes uW Minutes uW Minutes uW 5 42 0.5 135 1 243 3 200 1054 1 202 2 225 6 179 15 69 1.5 206 3 212 9 174 20 87 2 204 4 198 12 16725 109 2.5 202 5 186 15 162 30 135 3 198 6 177 18 159 3.5 195 7 176 21162 4 192 8 181 24 169 4.5 190 9 175 5 184 10 172 11 171 12 171 13 17114 170 15 168

The recovery of Bacillus subtilis from the coupons after 30 secondsexposure to the UV light was 5.3×10⁵ CFU/ml. After 5 minutes exposure tothe UV light, the recovery of Bacillus subtilis was reduced to 1.4×10³CFU/ml. After 15 minutes exposure to the UV light, the recovery ofBacillus subtilis was further reduced to 1.5×10¹ CFU/ml. Finally, after25 minutes exposure to the UV light, no microorganisms were recovered.The recovery positive control had a count of 6.4×10⁵ CFU/ml for thefirst three time points and 8.1×10⁵ CFU/ml for the fourth time point.

Table 11 below summarizes the results of the above experiment andprovides the log reduction results based on calculations from Bacillussubtilis recovery from test coupon vs. positive control.

TABLE 11 Inhibiting the growth of Bacillus subtilis. ConcentrationBacillus Exposure Time subtilis Recovered (CFU/ml) Log Reduction 30seconds 5.3 × 10⁵ 0.1  5 minutes 1.4 × 10³ 2.7 15 minutes 1.5 × 10¹ 4.625 minutes 0 5.9

The results of this experiment demonstrated that the UV light sourcetested was effective in reducing the Bacillus subtilis microorganismpopulation by about 3 logs at an exposure time of 5 minutes, by about 5logs at an exposure time of 15 minutes and by about 6 logs at exposuretime of 25 minutes.

One of skill in the art will appreciate that in view of the experimentsdescribed above, a lower UV dose will be required to kill or inhibit thegrowth of other microorganisms that do not produce spores. Thus, byhaving demonstrated that one of the most UV-resistant microorganisms canbe efficiently killed or growth inhibited using a method of the presentinvention, one of skill in the art will appreciate that the methods ofthe present invention in combination with the UV devices of the presentinvention are useful to kill or growth inhibit other microorganism thatmight be present in a fermentation container, more specifically on asurface of a fermentation container

Example 4. Sanitization of a Room

The following provides an exemplary procedure for UV sterilization of aroom, in particular, an operating room, a clean room (ISO 1-9), anursing home, or a kitchen (commercial or residential). The UV devicefor sanitizing the room will be fixed to the ceiling of, for example, a20 ft by 20 ft room. The UV device is allowed to determine thedimensions of the room and program a sanitization cycle. The room hasall of the standard equipment and features of an operating room (OR), aclean room (ISO 1-9), a nursing home, or a kitchen (commercial orresidential). Radiometers and plates pre inoculated with pathogenicmicroorganisms (such as but not limited to: Streptococcus andPseudomonas, and foodborne bacteria such as Shigella, Campylobacter, andSalmonella) are placed throughout the room at varying distances from theUV device to determine the UV-C intensity level attained in addition tothe log reduction of microorganisms. Furthermore, swab tests are takenat those locations in addition to swabbing objects of different materialcomposition, such as polymers, metals, papers, and fabrics. This is todetermine log reductions on objects of different material. Areas ofpotential shading are also tested in a similar fashion in order todetermine the effects of reflected light on log reductions and UV-Cintensity.

These experiments are repeated in each room type, however with multipleUV devices in the room. One UV device is fixed to the ceiling, one toeach wall. The UV devices are allowed to scan the respective room andcommunicate with one another, and program a sanitization cycle.

In some embodiments the UV device will communicate with a surfacereading radar unit that will enable it to detect relative distances ofobjects in the room, material type and will program a sanitization cyclebased on the nature of the material and the positioning of the objectsand room size.

Example 5. Using UV Device UV55

The UV device UV55 has been extensively tested on 55 gallon wine drumshaving a 2″ tri-Clover™ fitting located on the side (see below, Examples6, 7). The UV device UV55 is particularly well suited for use on anysmall container from about 15 gallon kegs to about 550 gallon Portatanks. In addition, it has also been tested on oak barrels (see Examples6). The UV device UV55 comprises an 18″ SE lamp manufactured bySteril-Aire. As tests demonstrated, at least a 5 log reduction ofmicroorganism growth was observed when the UV device UV55 was tested ina 55 gallon drum after 3 minutes of activation (i.e., exposure of UVradiation onto the interior surface of the container, which was spikedwith microorganisms). Using UV device UV55 the following applicationshave been proven successful: 3 minutes of exposure for 15 gallon kegs, 6minutes for a 55 gallon drum, 12 minutes for a Porta tank or oak barrel.Among others, testing was performed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gramnegative bacterium similar to many of the herein mentioned microbespotentially harmful to wine production.

The following provides a more detailed user guide for using UV deviceUV55. UV device UV55 is plugged in. The user will want to make sure thatthe central sleeve tightening knob 86 on the side of the metal sleeveattachment ring 95 is loosened prior to use so that the central sleeve12 can slide downwardly and upwardly easily. For storage and protectionof the UV lamp 5, the central sleeve 12 is pulled into its most upwardposition so that the UV lamp fully retracts beyond the position of thebase plate 10. The on/off or reset button 85 at the handle cap 92 is setto an on/reset position. To turn off the UV device UV55, the on/off orreset button 85 is pressed downwards. To turn on the UV device UV55, theon/off or reset button 85 is twisted clockwise.

The user places UV device UV55 on top of a container 4 so that thehousing 2 is positioned on top of an opening within the container 4. Theopening on top of the container is at least wide enough to allow theinsertion of the UV lamp 5. If the opening of the container is widerthan the base plate 10 of the UV device, the user is advised to use anadditional protective shield and cover the opening of the container (butleave an opening wide enough to allow insertion of the UV lamp 5) to notget exposed to UV irradiation during the sterilization process. Theprotective shield may have any shape or form or size—as long as itprovides an opening through which a UV lamp 5 can be inserted andprevents exposure to UV irradiation.

Once the housing 2 is positioned on top of the opening of the container4 and the central sleeve knob 86 is loosened, a user can lower the UVlamp 5 into the container by allowing the central sleeve 12 to movedownwardly. A user may conveniently control this downward movement byholding on to the handle 91 or hanging hook 84. As the central sleeve islowered, the optical switch 98 is activated. In addition, an audiblebeep will sound to indicate that a sterilization cycle has started andLED lights behind the translucent plastic ring 87 will blink. Minutes ofthe sterilization cycle will be indicated by a specific number ofblinks. Minute one is indicated by one blink, minute two is indicated bytwo blinks, minute tree is indicated by three blinks, etc.

Using UV device UV55 a standard keg can be sterilized in about threeminutes. Using UV device UV55 a standard drum can be sterilized in aboutsix minutes. At 12 minutes of use, an audible beep will sound alertingthe user to the amount of time which has elapsed. The UV lamp 5 willremain on until switched off (see above).

UV device UV55 will be automatically reset as the user moves the centralsleeve 12 upwardly and the optical switch 98 moves upwardly out of thehousing 2. The sterilization cycle of another container may be done.

Example 6. UV Sanitation of a Wooden Barrel Using UV Device UV55

A study was performed to determine the efficacy of UV device UV55 forthe sanitization of wood barrel tanks used in the wine making process.The study was performed by inoculating the interior surface of woodbarrel coupons (in triplicate) with a suspension of Pseudomonasaeruginosa. The coupons were then exposed to UV light according to Table12.

Details of this study were as follows: Three coupons (per time point)were spiked with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension to give a finalconcentration of 1.9×10⁷ CFU/coupon. The coupons were placed at threedifferent locations within the tank and exposed to the UV light (UV55)for five (5) time points: 2 minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes, 8 minutes,and 12 minutes. After each exposure time was performed, the coupons wereimmersed into 10 ml Tryptic Soy Broth to perform theenumeration/recovery process. Three additional stainless steel couponswere spiked as above and used as positive controls (no exposure to UVlight).

The result of this study is shown in Table 12.

TABLE 12 Growth inhibition (log reduction) of Pseudomonas aeruginosaafter exposure to UV light (UV device UV55). Concentration ofPseudomonas Exposure Time aeruginosa recovered Log (minutes)(CFU/coupon) Reduction 2 1.3 × 10⁵ 2.2 4 1.5 × 10⁵ 2.1 6 1.1 × 10⁵ 2.2 89.1 × 10⁴ 2.3 12 1.4 × 10³ 4.1

Based on this test, it can be concluded that the UV light source testedwas effective in reducing the Pseudomonas aeruginosa population by about4.1 logs at an exposure time of 12 minutes.

Example 7. A Comparative Study: UV Sanitation Using UV55 vs. ChemicalCleaning

A study was performed to determine the efficacy of UV device UV55 forthe sanitization of stainless steel tanks used in the wine makingprocess versus a solution of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate at aconcentration of 1.56 g/L. The study was performed by inoculating theinterior surface of stainless steel coupons (in triplicate) with asuspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The coupons were then exposed toeither UV light or to the chemical solution according to Table 13.

Details of UV Sanitation were as follows: Three coupons (per time point)were spiked with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension to give a finalconcentration of 1.5×10⁸ CFU/coupon. The coupons were placed at threedifferent locations within the tank and exposed to the UV light (UV55)for four (4) time points: 2 minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes, and 8minutes. After each exposure time was performed, the coupons wereimmersed into 100 ml Tryptic Soy Broth to perform theenumeration/recovery process. Three additional stainless steel couponswere spiked as above and used as positive controls (no exposure to UVlight).

Details of Carbonate Solution Cleaning were as follows: Three couponswere spiked with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension to give a finalconcentration of 1.5×10⁸ CFU/coupon. The coupons were then immersed into100 ml of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate solution at a concentration of1.56 g/L and then into 100 ml Tryptic Soy Broth to perform theenumeration/recovery process. The same positive control and suspensionwas used for both studies.

The result of this study is shown in Table 13.

TABLE 13 Growth inhibition (log reduction) of Pseudomonas aeruginosaafter exposure to UV light (UV device UV55) and Treatment with sodiumcarbonate peroxyhydrate solution. Concentration of UV55 PseudomonasExposure Time aeruginosa recovered (minutes) (CFU/coupon) Log Reduction2 1.8 × 10³ 4.9 4 1.2 × 10³ 5.1 6 8.3 × 10² 5.3 8  <1 × 10³ ≧5.2 SodiumCarbonate   3 × 10⁶ 1.7 Solution

Based on this test, it can be concluded that the UV light source testedwas effective in reducing growth of the Pseudomonas aeruginosapopulation by >5.2 logs at an exposure time of 8 minutes. The sodiumcarbonate solution used as a rinse was effective in reducing growth ofthe Pseudomonas aeruginosa population by about 1.7 log.

Example 8. Vertical Versus Horizontal Irradiation of a Tank

A study was performed to determine whether a container could be moreefficiently UV sterilized when a UV light source is inserted into thecontainer and positioned either in a parallel (i.e., horizontal)position with respect to the bottom or top of the container or in aperpendicular (i.e., vertical) position with respect to the bottom andtop of a the container. The container used in this study was a tank of450 cm in diameter. A total UV lamp output of 300 W was employed in thetesting. The 300 W output could either be a single UV lamp or a clusterof lamps. No assumptions on light blocking by mounts, cables or shieldswere made.

The calculations were made for various lamp distances from the floor (ortop) of the container of 50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm and 200 cm. While theoverall distribution of irradiance was highly dependent on theorientation of the UV lamps (i.e., horizontal vs. vertical; data notshown), the irradiance at the corners of the container (the moredifficult area to UV sterilize) was not affected by the orientation ofthe UV lamps (data not shown). Under the testing parameters, it wasfound that the limiting irradiance for almost all configurations isaround 200 uW/cm². Assuming a required dose of 100,000 uJ/cm², therequired illumination time for achieving a 4 log reduction of bacterialgrowth is about 500 sec.

Example 9. Irradiation Study of a Tank

A ray tracing analysis was performed using ZEMAX® software in order todetermine irradiance times and distribution within a cylindrical tankhaving a diameter of 38.8 ft and 40 ft in height. The UV lamps werearranged in a cluster configuration at an angle of 15 degrees with thevertical axis. The UV lamps were 1500 mm in length and 32 mm indiameter. UV-C output per bulb was 134 W. The study assumed zeroreflectivity within the tank offering a worst case scenario. The opticalstudy software (ZEMAX®) placed 4 detector plates in the orientations ofNorth, South, East and West. 1,000,000 analysis rays were used todetermine UV light distribution. The base of the UV lamps werepositioned 6″ off the lower surface of the tank and at a fixed distanceof 10′ from the lower port regardless of tank size. The time necessaryfor all surfaces to reach a minimum irradiance level of 100,000 uJ/cm²was determined to be approximately 166 min (data not shown). This samebulb configuration was applied to tanks of lesser dimensions and volumesand times determined to reach the aforementioned minimum level ofradiance. Respective irradiation times were determined for tanks of202,000 gallons, 120,000 gallons, 100,000 gallons and 23,000 gallons.These times were 59 minutes, 47 minutes, 30 minutes and 18.5 minutes,respectively (data not shown).

Example 10. Comparative Efficacy Trial of Sanitization Using UVC (UVT-4Model) Versus Steam and Peratic Acid on Reduction of MicrobialPopulations on Stainless Steel Tanks

A comparative efficacy trial on three different tank sanitation methodswas conducted at a winery in St. Helena, Calif. The objective of thiscomparative trial was to evaluate the sanitation efficacies of varioussanitizers (Steam, Peracetic Acid (PAA), and Ultraviolet Light C (UVC))on the reduction of wine and environmental microbe populations oninterior surfaces of stainless steel production tanks. The trial wasconducted on four different tanks. Briefly, the methodology of the trialwas as follows: (i) tanks were emptied of wine; (ii) pre-treatmentmicrobiological swab samples were collected from the ceiling, wall, andfloor of each tank; (iii) tanks underwent appropriate sanitationprotocol; (iv) post-treatment microbiological swab samples werecollected from ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank; (v)microbiological swab samples were processed at a microbiologylaboratory; and (vi) the survivability, percent Colony Forming Units(CFU) reduction, and Log₁₀ reduction of microbe populations aftertreatment with the various sanitizers was determined and compared.

The objective and scope of this trial were as follows:

(1). Equipment: Four stainless steel tanks;(2). Surface type: 316 grade stainless steel;(3). Cleaning methods: (a) water rinse, (b) caustic cleaner;(4). Sanitizing methods: (a) steam; (b) PAA; (c) UVC at 253.7 nm(5). Efficacy testing method: Surface-based swab recovery method todetect microbial populations(6). Test locations on interior of stainless steel tanks: (a) floor; (b)wall; (c) interior ceiling(7). Types of microbes monitored for on interior surfaces of tanks: (a)wine and environmental yeast; (b) wine and environmental bacteria; (c)molds

The methodology of the trial was as follows:

(A). A total of four tanks were used for the trial.(B). All four tanks were emptied of wine prior to start of trial.(C). Pre-treatment surface swab samples were collected from the floor,wall, and interior ceiling of each tank: (1). A 4 inch×4 inch squarearea (swab both horizontally and vertically in area) was swabbed at eachlocation. (2). Samples collected at this stage were used to determinethe starting levels of microbes, which were then used to determine thepercent CFU reduction and Log₁₀ reduction in microbial load after eachsanitizer treatment. (3). The total number of samples collected atstarting point was: 4 tanks×3 sample points=12 samples.(D). The tanks were exposed to the following sanitation treatmentmethods. (1). Tank 1 was rinsed with water and treated with steam. (2).Tank 2 was cleaned with caustic, rinsed with water, treated with PAA,and rinsed with water. (3) Tank G13 was rinsed with water and treatedwith UVC for 10 minutes (using Model UVT-4). (4). Tank G12 was cleanedwith caustic, rinsed with water, treated with PAA, and rinsed withwater.(E). After application of sanitizer, post-treatment surface samples werecollected from floor, wall, and interior ceiling of each tank. Sampleswere collected at different locations on tanks than locations used priorto treatments. The total number samples collected post sanitizer was: 4tanks×3 sample points=12 samples.(F). Samples were transported back to a microbiological laboratory andprocessed as follows: (1). All 24 samples and a saline blank were filterplated using Wallerstein Nutrient Media. (2). Plates were incubated at29° C. for 4 to 7 days depending on rate of microbial growth. (3). After4 to 7 days, surviving microorganisms were counted.(G). The efficacy of sanitizing methods on interior surfaces ofstainless steel tanks was determined by measuring the survivability,percent CFU reduction, Log₁₀ reduction of microbe populations aftertreatment with sanitizers.

The data set of this trial and results are shown in FIGS. 69A-D. Theresults in FIGS. 69B-D show that all three sanitizing methodssignificantly reduced microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor oftanks. When steam was used as the sanitizer, the percent CFU reductionof microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 81%, 94%, and90%, respectively. The Log₁₀ reduction of microbial loads on theceiling, wall, and floor was 0.7, 1.2, and 1.0, respectively. When PAAwas used as the sanitizer, the percent CFU reduction of microbial loadson the ceiling, wall, and floor was 77%, 91%, and 99.5%, respectively,for trial #1. For trial #2, the percent CFU reduction on ceiling, wall,and floor was 85%, 90%, and 99%, respectively. The Log₁₀ reduction ofmicrobial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 0.6, 1.0, and 2.3,respectively, for trial #1. For trial #2, the Log₁₀ reduction onceiling, wall, and floor was 0.8, 1.0, and 2.0, respectively. When UVC(UVT-4 Model) was used as the sanitizer, the percent CFU reduction ofmicrobial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor was 93%, 97%, and 99.8%,respectively. The Log₁₀ reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling,wall, and floor was 1.2, 1.6, and 2.8, respectively.

When comparing the results between the three sanitizer treatmentmethods, UVC (UVT-4 Model) was the most effective sanitizer at reducingmicrobial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks. This was thecase when looking at the data for both percent CFU reduction and Log₁₀reduction of microbial loads. In FIGS. 69C and 69D, a significantdifference in reduction of microbe populations by UVC (UVT-4 Model)compared to the other sanitizing methods is indicated in grey shades. Acomparison between steam and PAA showed the following with respect toreducing microbial loads: steam and PAA were approximately equivalent onthe ceiling of tanks, steam was slightly more effective on the wall oftanks, and PAA was significantly more effective on the floor of tanks.

After comparing the data collected from the trial, UVC (UVT-4 Model) wasdetermined to be the most effective of the three sanitizers at reducingmicrobial loads on all three surfaces sampled on interior of stainlesssteel tanks (ceiling, wall, and floor). Steam was significantly lesseffective than UVC and PAA at reducing microbial loads on the floor oftank.

The results from this trial demonstrate that UVC is a superior sanitizerfor interior of winery stainless steel tanks compared to steam andchemical sanitizers currently used in the wine industry.

Example 11. Comparative Efficacy Trial of Sanitization Using UVC (UVT-4Model) Versus Chlorine Dioxide on Reduction of Microbial Populations onStainless Steel Tanks

A comparative efficacy trial on two different tank sanitation methods(chlorine dioxide, ClO₂ (ozone) and UVC (UVT-4 Model)) was conducted ata winery in Sonoma, Calif. The objective of this comparative trial wasto evaluate the sanitation efficacies of two different sanitizers on thereduction of wine and environmental microbe populations on interiorsurfaces of stainless steel production tanks.

The trial was conducted on four different tanks with two of the tanksreceiving treatment with UVC (UVT-4 Model) and two tanks receivingtreatment with ozone (chlorine dioxide). Briefly, the methodology of thetrial was as follows: (i) tanks were emptied of wine; (ii) pre-treatmentmicrobiological swab samples were collected from the ceiling, wall, andfloor of each tank; (iii) tanks underwent appropriate sanitationprotocol; (iv) post-treatment microbiological swab samples werecollected from ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank; (v)microbiological swab samples were processed at a microbiology laboratory(BevTrac Mobile Quality Systems LLC (BevTrac)); and the survivability,percent Colony Forming Units (CFU) reduction, and Log₁₀ reduction ofmicrobe populations after treatment with sanitizers was determined andcompared.

The objective and scope of this trial were as follows:

(1). Equipment: Ten stainless steel tanks;(2). Tank Size: approximately 6,000 gallons(3). Surface type: 316 grade stainless steel;(4). Cleaning methods: 270 Extra;(5). Sanitizing methods: (a) UVC at 253.7 nm; (b) chlorine dioxide[Chlorine dioxide kills microorganisms by attacking amino acids withinthe cell. Specifically, chlorine dioxide breaks chemical bonds of aminoacids (disulfide bridges and aromatic ring structures), which destroysproteins within the cell];(6) Positive Control: tank not exposed to cleaner or sanitizer;(7) Negative Control: tank not exposed to Saccharomyces inoculum and notcleaned or sanitized after study was initiated;(8). Efficacy testing method: Surface-based swab recovery method todetect microbial populations;(9). Test locations on interior of stainless steel tanks: (a) floor; (b)wall; (c) interior ceiling;(10). Types of microbes monitored for on interior surfaces of tanks: (a)wine and environmental yeast; (b) wine and environmental bacteria; (c)molds.

The methodology of the trial was as follows:

(A). A total of ten tanks were used for the trial.(B). The tanks were cleaned and sanitized using winery standardoperating procedure for tanks.(C). The interior surface of all tanks, except Negative Control tank,were contaminated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a tank washer tospray inoculum.(D). Pre-treatment surface swab samples were collected from the floor,wall, and interior ceiling of each tank after application of inoculum asfollows: (1). A 4 inch×4 inch square area (swab both horizontally andvertically in area) was swabbed at each location. (2). Samples collectedat this stage were used to determine the starting levels of microbes,which were then be used to determine the Log₁₀ reduction in microbialload after each sanitizer treatment. (3). The total number of samplescollected at starting point was: 10 tanks×3 sample points=30 samples.(E). The tanks were exposed to the following treatment methods. Tankswere exposed to chlorine dioxide for 10 minutes and exposed to UVC for12 minutes. (1). Negative Control (Tank 61)—tank not exposed toSaccharomyces inoculum and not cleaned or sanitized. (2). PositiveControl (Tank 62)—tank contaminated with Saccharomyces, but not treatedwith cleaner or sanitizer. (3). Short wide tank (Tank 63) treated withcleaner (270 Extra) and chlorine dioxide. (4). Short wide tank (Tank 64)treated with cleaner (270 Extra) and UVC. (5). Tall thin tank (Tank 67)treated with cleaner (270 Extra) and chlorine dioxide. (6). Tall thintank (Tank 68) treated with cleaner (270 Extra) and UVC. (7). Short widetank (Tank 65) treated with chlorine dioxide. (8). Short wide tank (Tank66) treated with UVC. (9). Tall thin tank (Tank 69) treated withchlorine dioxide. (10). Tall thin tank (Tank 57) treated with UVC.(F). After application of sanitizer, post-treatment surface samples werecollected from floor, wall, and interior ceiling of each tank. Sampleswere collected at different locations on tanks than locations used priorto treatments. The total number samples collected post sanitizer was: 10tanks×3 sample points=30 samples.(G). Samples were transported back to BevTrac laboratory and processedas follows: (1). Because the Pre-Treatment samples were expected to havea high population of yeast, these 30 samples were serial diluted insaline solution using test tubes. (2). All 60 samples and a saline blankwere filter plated using Wallerstein Nutrient Media. (3). Plates wereincubated at 29° C. for 4 to 7 days depending on rate of microbialgrowth. (4). After 4 to 7 days, surviving microorganisms were counted.(H). The efficacy of sanitizing methods on interior surfaces ofstainless steel tanks was determined by measuring the survivability andLog₁₀ reduction of microbe populations after treatment with sanitizers.

The data for this trial are shown in FIGS. 70A-I. The Negative Controltank (not exposed to yeast inoculum and not cleaned or sanitized afterstart of study) showed very low levels of microbial contamination bothat the pre-treatment and the post-treatment sample collection times(FIG. 70A). This demonstrates that the tanks were effectively sanitizedprior to the study and that tanks very likely did not accumulateenvironmental microbe contamination during the course of the study. ThePositive Control tank (inoculated with yeast and not treated withcleaner or sanitizer) displayed high levels of microbial contaminationboth at the pre-treatment and the post-treatment sample collection times(FIG. 70A). These results show that the interior of the tanks wereeffectively inoculated with yeast and that the yeast populations did notsignificantly decrease during the course of the study.

FIG. 70B schematically depicts the effect of cleaning two short widetanks (tanks 63 and 64) with 270 Extra and then sanitizing with eitherchlorine dioxide or UVC, respectively, on the survivability of microbialpopulations on ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank. Microbe survivalis represented as Log₁₀ CFU. For reference, the microbe survival resultsfor the Negative Control tank and Positive Control tank are shown inFIG. 70B. The results in FIGS. 70B and 70C show that both sanitizingmethods in combination with the cleaner significantly reduced microbialloads on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks. Both sanitizers helpedto produce a ≧3 Log₁₀ reduction. The Log₁₀ reduction of microbial loadson the ceiling, wall, and floor after cleaning and chlorine dioxidesanitation were 3.6, 3.5 and 3.9, respectively. The Log₁₀ reduction ofmicrobial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after cleaning and UVCsanitation were 3.0, 5.0, and 4.6, respectively. Based on the resultsobtained in this trial, the cleaner and chlorine dioxide was moreeffective at reducing microbial load on ceiling of tank than thecombination of cleaner and UVC. However, surprisingly and unexpectedlyapplication of the cleaner and UVC produced a significantly higherreduction of microbe load on the wall and floor compared to use ofcleaner and chlorine dioxide. In FIG. 70C, a significant difference inreduction of microbe populations by cleaner/chlorine dioxide orcleaner/UVC is indicated in grey shades.

FIG. 70D schematically depicts the effect of cleaning two tall thintanks (tanks 67 and 68) with 270 Extra and then sanitizing with eitherchlorine dioxide or UVC, respectively, on the survivability of microbialpopulations on ceiling, wall, and floor of each tank. Microbe survivalis represented as Log₁₀ CFU. For reference, the microbe survival resultsfor the Negative Control tank and Positive Control tank are shown inFIG. 70D. The results in FIGS. 70D and 70E show that both sanitizingmethods in combination with the cleaner significantly reduced microbialloads on the ceiling, wall, and floor of tanks. Both sanitizers helpedto produce a ≧2.1 Log₁₀ reduction. The Log₁₀ reduction of microbialloads on the ceiling, wall, and floor after cleaning and chlorinedioxide sanitation were 3.3, 3.9, and 4.3, respectively. The Log₁₀reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor aftercleaning and UVC sanitation were 2.1, 4.4 and 5.3, respectively.

The results are very similar to the short wide tanks above where thecleaner and chlorine dioxide were more effective at reducing microbialload on ceiling of tank than the combination of cleaner and UVC, and thecleaner and UVC produced a significantly higher reduction of microbeload on the wall and floor compared to use of cleaner and chlorinedioxide. In FIG. 70E, a significant difference in reduction of microbepopulations by cleaner/chlorine dioxide or cleaner/UVC is indicated ingrey shades.

The results for both the short wide tanks and the tall thin tanks afterapplication of cleaner and sanitizer show that the cleaner/UVCcombination has a higher efficacy on the walls and floors of tanks,while the cleaner/chlorine dioxide combination has a higher efficacy onthe tank ceiling. At two tank sites sampled (wall of tank 64 and floorof tank 68), UVC in combination with cleaner completely eliminated allmicrobes. Chlorine dioxide did not completely eliminate microbes at anysite sampled.

The results suggest that UVC can kill microbes more effectively thanchlorine dioxide when surfaces are close to the ultraviolet light (i.e.walls and floors). The efficacy of UVC on the ceiling of tanks couldpossibly be improved by increasing UVC exposure time or increasingintensity of ultraviolet lights. For chlorine dioxide, the reduction inmicrobe populations was pretty consistent for both tanks shapes on allsurfaces sampled (3.3 to 4.3 Log₁₀ reduction

FIG. 70F schematically depicts the effect of sanitizing two short widetanks (tanks 65 and 66) with either chlorine dioxide or UVC,respectively, on the survivability of microbial populations on ceiling,wall, and floor of each tank. For this trial, no cleaning agent was usedprior to application of sanitizer. Microbe survival is represented asLog₁₀ CFU. For reference, the microbe survival results for the NegativeControl tank and Positive Control tank are shown in FIG. 70F. Theresults in FIGS. 70F and 70G show that both sanitizing methodssignificantly reduced microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor oftanks. Both sanitizers helped to produce a ≧2.4 Log₁₀ reduction. TheLog₁₀ reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor afterchlorine dioxide sanitation were 3.6, 3.9, and 4.6, respectively. TheLog₁₀ reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor afterUVC sanitation were 2.4, 4.7, and 4.0, respectively.

Based on the results of this trial, the chlorine dioxide was moreeffective at reducing microbial load on ceiling and floor of tank thanthe UVC. However, UVC produced a significantly higher reduction ofmicrobe load on the wall compared to use of chlorine dioxide. In FIG.70G, a significant difference in reduction of microbe populations bychlorine dioxide or UVC is indicated in grey shades.

FIG. 70H schematically depicts the effect of sanitizing two tall thintanks (tanks 69 and 57) with either chlorine dioxide or UVC,respectively, on the survivability of microbial populations on ceiling,wall, and floor of each tank. For this trial, no cleaning agent was usedprior to application of sanitizer. Microbe survival is represented asLog₁₀ CFU. For reference, the microbe survival results for the NegativeControl tank and Positive Control tank are shown in FIG. 70H. Theresults in FIGS. 70H and 70I show that both sanitizing methodssignificantly reduced microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor oftanks. Both sanitizers helped to produce a ≧2.7 Log₁₀ reduction. TheLog₁₀ reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor afterchlorine dioxide sanitation were 2.8, 4.2 and 2.7, respectively. TheLog₁₀ reduction of microbial loads on the ceiling, wall, and floor afterUVC sanitation were 2.7, 4.2 and 4.6, respectively.

Based on the results of this trial, UVC produced a significantly higherreduction of microbe loads on the floor compared to using chlorinedioxide. For the ceiling and wall, both sanitation methods were equallyeffective. In FIG. 70I, a significant difference in reduction of microbepopulations by chlorine dioxide or UVC is indicated in grey shade.

The results for both the short wide tanks and the tall thin tanks afteruse of sanitizer show that UVC has a higher or equal efficacy comparedto chlorine dioxide on the walls and floor. However, again chlorinedioxide demonstrated a higher efficacy on tank ceiling than UVC. Thisconfirms that UVC, even in the absence of a cleaner, can kill microbesmore effectively than or just as effectively as chlorine dioxide whensurfaces are close to UVC (i.e. walls and floors).

There are several benefits that can be realized by wineries if they useUVC instead of chemicals as a sanitizer for stainless steel tanks: 1)significantly less water usage; 2) reduced wastewater generated; 3) moreenvironmentally friendly due to reduced chemical usage; 4) reduced laborcosts; and 5) more effective reduction in microbe populations onstainless steel surfaces.

1.-44. (canceled)
 45. A system comprising: (i) an ultraviolet (UV)device; and (ii) a container, a room, a space or a defined environment;wherein the UV device is operatively and permanently attached to aninterior position within the container, the room, the space or thedefined environment, wherein the UV device comprises: (a) at least onegermicidal UV light source; (b) a housing surrounding or enclosing theat least one germicidal UV light source, wherein the housing allowspassing through of UV light; and (c) a circuit board, wherein thecircuit board comprises a functionality selected from the groupconsisting of: (A) comprising a radiofrequency identifier reader; (B)communicating with a radiofrequency identifier; (C) controlling anon/off status of the germicidal UV light source based on measuringwhether a pre-determined UV intensity has been attained; (D) controllinga speaker emitting an audible signal at the beginning or completion of asterilization cycle; (E) controlling a plurality of LED lights indictinga status of a sterilization cycle; (F) relaying UV light intensity via asensor to the container, the room, the space or the defined environment;(G) uploading and relaying information from the radiofrequencyidentifier; (H) generating a report on time of a sterilization cycle;(I) generating a report on duration of a sterilization cycle; (J)generating a report on UV light intensity attained during asterilization cycle; (K) emailing, phoning or texting a report on timeof a sterilization cycle; (L) emailing, phoning or texting a report onduration of a sterilization cycle; (M) emailing, phoning or texting areport on UV light intensity attained during a sterilization cycle; (N)emailing, phoning or texting an alert to an individual that asterilization cycle is in progress, interrupted or complete; and (O)emailing, phoning or texting an alert that the at least one germicidalUV light source requires replacement; wherein the container, the room,the space or the defined environment comprises: (a) an interior surfaceto be sterilized by the at least one germicidal UV device; and (b) aceiling, a wall, a floor, or an object to which the at least onegermicidal UV light source can be attached; and wherein the interiorsurface comprises plastic, aluminum, glass, stainless steel, porcelainor a polymer.
 46. The system according to claim 45, wherein the UVdevice is programmed to obtain a predetermined UV light intensity. 47.The system according to claim 46, wherein programming of the UV devicecomprises an algorithm taking into account one or more of a parameterselected from the group consisting of size of the container, the room,the space or the defined environment, shape of the container, the room,the space or the defined environment, intensity of the at least onegermicidal UV light source, and distance of the at least one germicidalUV light source from the interior surface of the container, the room,the space or the defined environment to be sterilized.
 48. The systemaccording to claim 45, wherein the UV device is attached to the ceiling,the wall, the floor, or to the object within the container, the room,the space or the defined environment.
 49. The system according to claim45, wherein the at least one germicidal UV light source comprises aplurality of UV lamps.
 50. The system according to claim 49, whereinmembers of the plurality of UV lamps are arranged in a cluster.
 51. Thesystem according to claim 50, wherein the cluster is selected from thegroup consisting of a cluster comprising at least two UV lamps, acluster comprising at least three UV lamps, a cluster comprising atleast four UV lamps, a cluster comprising at least five UV lamps, acluster comprising at least six UV lamps, a cluster comprising at leastseven UV lamps, and a cluster comprising at least eight UV lamps. 52.The system according to claim 49, wherein members of the plurality of UVlamps are arranged adjustably so that they can be positioned at varyingangles with respect to each other.
 53. The system according to claim 49,wherein the plurality of UV lamps comprises a first UV lamp and a secondUV lamp.
 54. The system according to claim 53, wherein the first UV lampand the second UV lamp are spaced apart.
 55. The system according toclaim 45, wherein the at least one germicidal UV light source comprisesa UV lamp selected from the group consisting of a hot cathode lamp, aslimline lamp, a high output lamp, and a cold cathode lamp.
 56. Thesystem according to claim 45, wherein the at last one germicidal UVlight source comprises a UV lamp selected from the group consisting of alow pressure UV lamp, a medium pressure UV lamp and a high pressure UVlamp.
 57. The system according to claim 45, wherein the at least onegermicidal UV light source is a mercury UV lamp.
 58. The systemaccording to claim 45, wherein the at least one germicidal UV lightsource is a light emitting diode.
 59. The system according to claim 45,further comprising: (iii) a detector at an interior location within thecontainer, the room, the space or the defined environment, wherein thedetector is configured to measure a UV intensity level.
 60. The systemaccording to claim 45, wherein the housing is selected from the groupconsisting of a housing comprising a mesh cage, a housing comprising aprotective sleeve, a housing comprising a fan cooling system, and ahousing comprising a reflector.
 61. The system according to claim 45,wherein the UV device further comprises an optical component selectedfrom the group consisting of a reflector, a shutter, a lens, a splitter,and a mirror.
 62. The system according to claim 45, further comprising:(iii) a touchscreen interface configured to provide an input for afunctionality selected from the group consisting of: (A) activating theat least one germicidal UV light source; (B) deactivating the at leastone germicidal UV light source; (C) providing time input for completinga UV sterilization of the container, the room, the space or the definedenvironment; (D) providing time elapsed for UV sterilization of thecontainer, the room, the space or the defined environment; (E) setting adesired UV intensity level; (F) adjusting a UV intensity level; and (G)logging in a code for a user.
 63. The system according to claim 45,wherein one or more species of microorganisms is present on the interiorsurface within the container, the room, the space or the definedenvironment and wherein activation of the at least one germicidal UVlight source results in inhibiting the growth of the one or more speciesof microorganisms.
 64. The system according to claim 45, wherein thecontainer, the room, the space or the defined environment is selectedfrom the group consisting of a container for storing or transporting adairy product, a container for storing or transporting a liquid dairy, acontainer for storing or transporting a liquid dairy composition, acontainer for storing or transporting a dry dairy composition, a vat, asilo, a tub, a basket, a case, a box, a barrel, a storage bin, acontainer for a biological fluid, a beverage container, an aquarium, acommercial kitchen, a medical facility, an acute care area, an operatingroom, a medical equipment storage cabinet, a clean room, a bathroom, awaiting room, a food production area, a food processing area, a nurseryhome, a trailer, a rail car, a grocery store display case, a delicounter, a fish display case, a poultry display case, a floral displaycase, a refrigerated display case, a non-refrigerated display case, anda conveyor belt.